cardio key terms Flashcards
contractility
inherent strength and vigor of heart’s contraction during systole
cardiac output (CO)
- amount of blood pumped every minute (SVXHR)
stroke volume (SV)
ml of blood pumped with eacg contraction
preload
volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, before each contraction
afterload
peripheral resistance against which the LV must pump
-affected by size of ventricle, wall tension, and BP
baroreceptors
- in aortic arch and coratid sinus
- sensitive to stretch and pressure of arterial systemt
- vasomotor center in the brain
- increased pressure= decreased HR , decreased pressure (opposite)
chemoreceptors
- in aortic arch and coratid sinus
- sense CO2 , O2, and pH concentrations in the blood
- decreased O2, increased CO2 , decreased pH= increase HR and vasconstriction
BP influenced by…
CO and SVR
MAP
- (SPB + DBP) / 3
- organ perfusion (>60)
pulse pressure
- SBP-DBP
- increased with exercise
- decreased with low colume and failing heart
Arterial Blood Gases ABGs significance
- how your body is reacting to oxygen coming in
C-reactive protein
inlfammation
aldosterone regulates …
sodium
ADH regulates …
H2O
initial patho for HTN
- increase in BP due to increased CO and/or increased SVR
late patho for HTN
- persistent rise in SVR while CO returns to normal, increased BP considered normal
HTN: diuretics
- crit assess: K+
- increase Na + H20 excretion (pull water)
b-adrenergic receptor blockers
- decrease BP , decrease CO
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
- prils
- increase vasoconstriction, Na & H2O retention
calcium channel blockers
- inhibit movement of Ca+ across cell membrane= vasodilation
- cardioselective = decrease in HR and slowing of AV conduction
- dihydropyridines- cause vascular sm. muscle relaxation = decreased SVR and BP
Angiotensin 11 Receptor blockers (ARB)
-prevent action of AII and produce vasodilation and increased Na and water excretion
a-adrenergic blockers
- prazosin (Minipress), Doxazosin (Cardura)
- crit assess: HR
- peripheral vasodilation (decrease SVR and BP)
- benefits lipid profile
