cardio key terms Flashcards

1
Q

contractility

A

inherent strength and vigor of heart’s contraction during systole

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2
Q

cardiac output (CO)

A
  • amount of blood pumped every minute (SVXHR)
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3
Q

stroke volume (SV)

A

ml of blood pumped with eacg contraction

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4
Q

preload

A

volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, before each contraction

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5
Q

afterload

A

peripheral resistance against which the LV must pump

-affected by size of ventricle, wall tension, and BP

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6
Q

baroreceptors

A
  • in aortic arch and coratid sinus
  • sensitive to stretch and pressure of arterial systemt
  • vasomotor center in the brain
  • increased pressure= decreased HR , decreased pressure (opposite)
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7
Q

chemoreceptors

A
  • in aortic arch and coratid sinus
  • sense CO2 , O2, and pH concentrations in the blood
  • decreased O2, increased CO2 , decreased pH= increase HR and vasconstriction
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8
Q

BP influenced by…

A

CO and SVR

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9
Q

MAP

A
  • (SPB + DBP) / 3

- organ perfusion (>60)

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10
Q

pulse pressure

A
  • SBP-DBP
  • increased with exercise
  • decreased with low colume and failing heart
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11
Q

Arterial Blood Gases ABGs significance

A
  • how your body is reacting to oxygen coming in
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12
Q

C-reactive protein

A

inlfammation

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13
Q

aldosterone regulates …

A

sodium

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14
Q

ADH regulates …

A

H2O

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15
Q

initial patho for HTN

A
  • increase in BP due to increased CO and/or increased SVR
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16
Q

late patho for HTN

A
  • persistent rise in SVR while CO returns to normal, increased BP considered normal
17
Q

HTN: diuretics

A
  • crit assess: K+

- increase Na + H20 excretion (pull water)

18
Q

b-adrenergic receptor blockers

A
  • decrease BP , decrease CO
19
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

A
  • prils

- increase vasoconstriction, Na & H2O retention

20
Q

calcium channel blockers

A
  • inhibit movement of Ca+ across cell membrane= vasodilation
  • cardioselective = decrease in HR and slowing of AV conduction
  • dihydropyridines- cause vascular sm. muscle relaxation = decreased SVR and BP
21
Q

Angiotensin 11 Receptor blockers (ARB)

A

-prevent action of AII and produce vasodilation and increased Na and water excretion

22
Q

a-adrenergic blockers

A
  • prazosin (Minipress), Doxazosin (Cardura)
  • crit assess: HR
  • peripheral vasodilation (decrease SVR and BP)
  • benefits lipid profile