Cardio - Heart Flashcards
Endocardium
simple, squamous epithelium; protects myocardium from direct contact with blood
myocardium
thick, contractile middle layer; compresses heart cavities and blood with great force
Pericardium
provides protection against friction
Fibrous pericardium
tough, lose-fitting, inextensible sac (like a loose-fitting jacket)
serous pericardium
split into epicardial and parietal layers
Epicardial layer
inner layer, fused to heart
parietal layer of serous pericardium
outer layer, fused with fibrous pericardium
pericardial space
located between viseral and parietal layers of serous pericardium.
Left and Right Atria
the upper receiving chamber which passively receives venous blood on a continuous basis to push blood into the lower chamber
Left and Right Ventricles
lower pumping chambers which pump blood to lungs or to the rest of the body
Septa of the heart
myocardium separating the chambers of the herat
auricle
superficial leaf-life extension of atria near superior surface: thin-walled structures that can fill with blood and empty into the atria
Sulcus
series of fat-filled grooves along the superior surfaces of heart containing major coronary blood vessels
Pulmonary circut
transports blood to and from lungs; o2 enters blood and co2 leaves blood
systemic circuit
transports blood to and from body tissues; co2 enters blood and o2 leaves blood
pulmonary trunk and arteries
carries deoxygenated blood from RV towards lungs
pulmonary veins
carries oxygenated blood from lungs towards LA
Aorta
carries oxygenated blood from LV towards body cells
Vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from body cells towards RA
Interatrial septum
located between the two atria; contains oval-shaped depression which is a remnant of opening in fetal heart
interventricular septum
located between the two ventricles; thicker than interatrial septum
atrioventricular septum
located between the atria and ventricles; contains four openings with one-way valves that allow blood to move
Aortic valve and pulmonary valve
semilunar valves; between ventricles and great vessels; half-moon shaped flaps formed from lining of the great vessels
Tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve
atrioventricular valve; between atria and ventricles; composed of flaps of the endocardium
trabeculae carneae
beamlike projections of myocardial muscle tissue; adds force to inward contraction of ventricular myocardium, to maximize volume of blood leaving the ventricles
chordae tendinae
tendinous cord containing collagenous fibers; anchors papillary muscles to flaps of AV valves
papillary muscle
muscles attached to edges of cusps of AV valves via the chordae tendineae;
moderator band
band of cardiac muscle; reinforces thin walls of right ventricle and plays a crucial role in cardiac conduction
myocardial contractile cells, cardiomyocytes
responsible for contractions that pump blood through the body
myocardial conducting cells
forms conduction system of heart; initiate and propagate action potential that travels throughout the heart and triggers contractions
structure of cardiac muscle
smaller in diameter and shorter than skeletal muscles ; striated
cardiac cycle
period of time that begins atrial contraction and ends with ventricular relaxation
diastole
period of relaxation which allows chambers to fill with blood
systole
period of contraction which pumps blood into circulation
