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EOB - Blood Cardio > Cardio FA > Flashcards

Cardio FA Flashcards

1
Q

Truncus arteriosus

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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2
Q

Bulbus cordis

A

Smooth parts (outflow tract) of L and R ventricles

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3
Q

Endocardial cushion

A

Atrial septum, membranous IV septum; AV and semilunar valves

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4
Q

Primitive atrium

A

Trabeculated part of L and R atria

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5
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Trabeculated part of L and R ventricles

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6
Q

Primitive pulmonary vein

A

Smooth part of LA

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7
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus

A

Coronary sinus

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8
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus

A

Smooth part of right atrium

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9
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

A

SVC

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10
Q

Week that heart beats on its own

A

4

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11
Q

What are paradoxical emboli?

A

Venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation (L–>R shunt)

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12
Q

What forms the membranous IV septum?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum

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13
Q

Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate?

A

Transposition of the great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot, persistent truncus arteriosus

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14
Q

Oxygen content of fetal circulation?

A

Veins are going towards the heart and are oxygenated via the placenta. Arteries are going away from the heart and are deoxygenated.

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15
Q

Ductus venosus?

A

Takes fetal oxygenated blood from the placenta to the IVC, bypassing the hepatic circulation

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16
Q

Foramen ovale?

A

Blood goes from RA to LA bypassing the lungs

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17
Q

Ductus arteriosus?

A

Blood goes from pulmonary artery to aorta

18
Q

Determinant of blood flow in fetus?

A

Pressure difference between heart chambers and decreased prostaglandins from placental separation

19
Q

Indomethacin

A

Helps close patent ductus arteriosus (should be ligamentum arteriosus)

20
Q

Right marginal artery supplies…?

A

Right ventricle

21
Q

Posterior descending artery supplies…?

A

Posterior 1/3 of IV septum, posterior walls of ventricles, and posteriomedial papillary muscle.

22
Q

Right dominant circulation

A

PDA comes off RCA (most common)

23
Q

Left dominant circulation

A

PDA comes off left circumflex artery

24
Q

Codominant circulation

A

PDA from LCX and RCA

25
Q

Right coronary artery supplies…?

A

SA and AV nodes

26
Q

When does coronary blood flow peak?

A

Early diastole

27
Q

What is the most common site of coronary artery occlusion?

A

LAD

28
Q

Which part of the heart is the most posterior and can lead to esophageal or recurrent laryngeal nerve impingement?

A

Left atrium –> presents as dysphagia or hoarseness

29
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
(Pericardial cavity)
Visceral layer of serous pericardium

30
Q

Left circumflex artery supplies?

A

Lateral and posterior walls of LV, anterolateral papillary muscle

31
Q

Left anterior descending artery supplies…?

A

Anterior 2/3 of IV septum, anterolateral papillary muscle, anterior surface of LV

32
Q

Cardiac output formula?

A

CO = SV x HR

33
Q

Fick principle?

A

CO = Rate of O2 consumption/ (arterial O2 - venous O2)

34
Q

MAP formulas?

A 
MAP = CO x TPR (total peripheral resistance)
MAP = 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
35
Q

Pulse pressure?

A

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Proportional to SV, inversely proportional to arterial compliance

36
Q

Stroke volume formula?

A

EDV - ESV

37
Q

What maintains CO during early exercise?

A

Increased HR and increased SV

38
Q

What maintains CO during late exercise

A

Increased HR only

39
Q

Why does increased HR eventually reduce CO?

A

Diastole is preferentially shortened, allowing less filling time.

40
Q

What conditions increase pulse pressure?

A

Hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation, aortic stiffening, obstructive sleep apnea (raise sympathetic tone), and exercise

41
Q

What conditions decrease pulse pressure?

A

Aortic stenosis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, advanced heart failure.

EOB - Blood Cardio (5 decks)

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