Cardio Exam Flashcards
Examination of the hands
Tar staining
Warmth
Peripheral cyanosis or anaemia
Clubbing
Slinter haemorrhages, janeway lesions or Oslers nodes
Capillary refill time
Fine tremor
Pulse (rate, rhythm, volme, character)
Look at the arms - check for track marks of IV drug abuse
Radial pulse
Examination of the head
Malar flush (MS)
Conjunctivae (pallor)
Xanthelasmata
Corneal arcus
Central cyanosis
Angular stomatitis / sore red tongue
What comes after the examination of the head?
Listen to the lung bases from crackles
Abdomen (palpate for hepatomegaly)
Percuss for shifting dullness
Lower Limbs (Pitting oedema, signs of arterial disease and varicose veins- with patient standing)
What are the signs of arterial disease?
Cold
Smooth
Hairless
Increased cap refill
Arterial lef ulcers
Gangrene
What comes after the awkward list?
Blood pressure
What comes after blood pressure?
Assessment of JVP
Important for JVP
Patient lying at 45 degrees
Relax neck muscles
Patient facing slightly to the left
Anatomical landmark is between the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid
Examination of the precordium; inspection
Chest deformities (kyphoscoliosis, pectus excavatum)
Scars
Pacemaker
Visible pulsation
Examination of the precordium; palpation
Tracheal position
Cardiac pacemaker
Apex beat
Heaves
Thrills
Examination of the precordium; auscultation
4 heart areas with bell and diaphragm whilst holding carotid pulse
S1,2,3,4
Added sounds
Murmurs
AS - aortic valve and both carotid arteries with diaphargm - high pitched ejection systolic murmur
MR - listen over apex and in L axilla with diaphragm - high pithced pansystolic murmur
MS - Listen at apex with bell, patient roll onto left - low rumbling mid-diastolic murmur, breath held in expiration
AR - Diaphragm, lower left sternal edge, breath held in expiration
What after examination of precordium?
Peripheral pulses (including radio-femoral delay and bruit auscultate, palpate aortic anneurysm)
