Cardio - ECG abnormal findings for conditions

Question 1

Digoxin Toxicity

Answer 1

• down-sloping ST depression (‘reverse tick’, ‘scooped out’)
• flattened/inverted T waves
• short QT interval (maybe due to HyperK+)
  
  • arrhythmias e.g. AV block, bradycardia

Question 2

Wolff-Parkinson White

Answer 2

• short PR interval
• wide QRS complexes with a slurred upstroke - ‘delta wave’
• left axis deviation if right-sided accessory pathway*
• right axis deviation if left-sided accessory pathway

in the majority of cases, or in a question without qualification, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is associated with left axis deviation

Question 3

Hypokalaemia

Answer 3

• U waves - image arrow is the U wave, should be higher than T wave
• long QT
• small or absent T waves (occasionally inversion)
• prolonged PR interval
• ST depression

‘In Hypokalaemia, U have no Pot and no T, but a long PR and a long QT’

Question 4

Posterior MI

Answer 4

ST depression

Tall, broad R-waves

Upright T-waves

Question 5

P mitrale

Answer 5

Sign of Left Atrium Hypertrophy, commonly seen in mitral stenosis

Broad, notched, bifid P wave