Cardio Drugs

Question 1

What does enalapril, lisinopril, and captopril do?

Answer 1

They are all ACE inhibitors. They inhibit the production of angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor and produces aldosterone)

Question 2

What does losartan, irbesartan do?

Answer 2

Both are ARB blockers (angiotensin receptor blockers). They block the effects of angiotensin (vasoconstrictor and stimulates the secretion of aldosterone)

Question 3

Atropine

Answer 3

Atropine blocks CM-2 receptors (cholinergic muscarinic receptors), preventing the effects of acetylcholine. (antiparasympathetic)

atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist) opposes
this parasympathetic effect and increases AV node conduction velocity

Question 4

Metoprolol, atenolol

Answer 4

Beta1 blocker. Decreases sympathetic tone. Decreases inotropy of the heart and vasoconstriction of the arteries.

It increases the interval between SA nodal Action potentials (decrease chronotropy) as well as alleviate long QT syndrome.

Question 5

Amlodipine

Answer 5

Calcium L type channel blocker, leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Mediates vascular smooth muscle relaxation

Question 6

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, digoxin

Answer 6

All three enhance cardiac contractility (digoxin blocks Na/K ATPase leading to increased intracellular calcium),

epinephrine, norepinephrine increases rate

Question 7

Furosemide

Answer 7

Loop diuretic: impairs sodium, potassium, chlorine reabsoprtion by the kidneys, inducing diuresis.

Pretty much only used for edemas

Question 8

HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide)

Answer 8

Impairs sodium retention by the kidneys so its a diuretic.

Question 9

Verapamil and diltiazem

Answer 9

These are cardiac type L calcium channel blockers, has no effect on VSM. It delays AV nodal conduction and causes negative inotropy and chronotropy.

Useful for atrial fibrillation

Question 10

Albuterol, salmeterol

Answer 10

short acting and long acting Beta2 agonists. The promote bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxation (treatment for asthma)

Question 11

Fluticasone

Answer 11

inhaled glucocorticorid receptor agonist and it is an anti-inflammatory agent.

Usually paired with albuterol and salbuterol in treating asthma

Question 12

Spironolactine

Answer 12

an aldosterone antagonist (diuretic)

Question 13

What does nicotine act as?

Answer 13

It is a cholinergic agonist. Mimics the effects of acetylcholine on the parasympathetic system.

Question 14

What does Aliskiren do?

Answer 14

It is a direct renin antagonist, a precursor of angiotensin II so it would inhibit renin-angiotensin-mediated effect and could be used as a diuresis.