Cardio - Drugs

Question 1

Diuretics -Types and Action

Answer 1

Block Na reabsorption in kidneys

Thiazide Diuretics (e.g. Bendrofluazide)

Loop Diuretics (e.g. Furosemide)

Question 2

Diuretics - Uses

Answer 2

Thiazides = Hypertension

Loop Diuretics = Heart Failure

Question 3

Diuretics - Side Effects

Answer 3

Hypokalaemia = Tiredness and Arrhythmias

Hyperglycaemia = Diabetes

Increased Uric Acid = Gout

Impotence

Question 4

Beta-Blockers - Types and Action

Answer 4

Cardio selective (e.g. Atenolol) - Block b1 adrenoceptors

Non selective (e.g. Propranolol) - Block b1 and b2 adrenoceptors

Question 5

Beta-Blockers - Uses

Answer 5

Cardio selective = Angina, Hypertension and Heart Failure (NOT acutely)

Non selective = Thyrotoxicosis

Question 6

Beta-Blockers - Side Effects and Contraindications

Answer 6

Tiredness
Cold Peripheries

Asthma
Acute Heart Failure

Question 7

Calcium Antagonists - Types

Answer 7

Dihydropyridines (e.g. Amlodipine)

Rate Limiting (e.g. Verapamil, Diltiazem)

Question 8

Calcium Antagonists - Uses

Answer 8

Hypertension and Angina

Rate Limiting also used for Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Question 9

Calcium Antagonists - Side Effects and Contraindications

Answer 9

Ankle Oedema

Beta-Blockers

Question 10

Alpha Blockers - Action

Answer 10

Block a-adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation

Question 11

Alpha Blockers - Uses

Answer 11

Hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy

Question 12

Alpha Blockers - Side Effects

Answer 12

Postural Hypotension

Question 13

ACE Inhibitors - Action and Example

Answer 13

Block Angiotensin I becoming Angiotensin II

Lisinopril

Question 14

ACE Inhibitors - Uses

Answer 14

Hypertension, Heart Failure and Diabetic Nephropathy

Question 15

ACE Inhibitors - Side Effects and Contraindications

Answer 15

Dry Cough
Renal Dysfunction Angioneurotic Oedema

Pregnancy
Renal Artery Stenosis

Question 16

ARBs - Action and Example

Answer 16

Block Angiotensin II Receptors

Losartan

Question 17

ARBs - Uses

Answer 17

Hypertension, Heart Failure and Diabetic Nephropathy

Patients who get dry cough with ACE Inhibitors

Question 18

ARBs - Side Effects and Contraindications

Answer 18

Renal Dysfunction

Pregnancy
Renal Artery Stenosis

Question 19

Nitrates - Action and Example

Answer 19

Venodilators

Isosorbide Mononitrate

Question 20

Nitrates - Uses

Answer 20

Angina

Acute Heart Failure

Question 21

Nitrates - Side Effects

Answer 21

Headache
Hypotension/collapse

Tolerance - nitrate free period overnight

Question 22

Antiplatelets - Action and Examples

Answer 22

Attack platelets, preventing new thrombosis

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel

Question 23

Antiplatelets - Uses

Answer 23

Angina
Acute MI
CVA/TIA
Patients at high risk of MI and CVA

Question 24

Antiplatelets - Side Effects and Contraindications

Answer 24

Haemorrhage

Peptic Ulcer
Asthma (Aspirin sensitivity)

Question 25

Anticoagulants - Types and Action

Answer 25

Heparin - IV only Warfarin - Oral only. Blocks clotting factors 2, 7, 9 & 10 Rivaroxaban - Factor Xa inhibitor Dabigatran - Thrombin factor IIa inhibitor

Question 26

Warfarin - Uses

Answer 26

DVT PE NSTEMI AF

Question 27

Warfarin - Side Effects

Answer 27

Haemorrhage Control dose carefully by INR Can be reversed by Vit K if overdosed

Question 28

Fibrinolytic Drugs - Action and Example

Answer 28

Dissolve formed clot Streptokinase

Question 29

Fibrinolytic Drugs - Uses

Answer 29

STEMI Selected cases of PE Selected cases of CVA

Question 30

Fibrinolytic Drugs - Side Effects and Contraindications

Answer 30

Haemorrhage ``` Recent haemorrhage Trauma Bleeding tendencies Severe diabetic nephropathy Peptic ulcer ```

Question 31

Anticholesterol Drugs - Types and Action

Answer 31

Statins (e.g. Simvastatin) Blocks HMG CoA reductase Fibrates (e.g. Bezafibrate)

Question 32

Anticholesterol Drugs - Uses

Answer 32

Statins - Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina, MI, CVA, TIA, high risk of MI or CVA Fibrates - Hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol

Question 33

Statins - Side Effects

Answer 33

Myopathy | Rhabdomyolysis renal failure

Question 34

Supraventricular Arrhythmias - Acute Treatment

Answer 34

Adenosine

Question 35

Ventricular/Supraventricular Arrhythmias - Drugs

Answer 35

Amiodarone Beta Blockers Flecanide

Question 36

Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs - Side Effects

Answer 36

Photo toxicity Pulmonary Fibrosis Thyroid Abnormalities (Hypo or Hyper)

Question 37

Digoxin - Therapeutic Effect

Answer 37

Blocks AV conduction | Good in Atrial Fibrillation

Question 38

Digoxin - Adverse Effects

Answer 38

Increases ventricular irritability = ventricular Arrhythmias Toxicity = Nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias

Question 39

Acute Heart Attack Treatment

Answer 39

M - Morphine + Anti emetic O - Oxygen N - Nitrates (GTN A - Aspirin C - Clopidogrel