Cardio Drugs Flashcards
Amlodipine, Nimodipine, Nifedipine
Dihydropyridine peripheral CCBs (PRELOAD)
HTN, angina, raynaud, migraine, cluster HA, esophageal spasm. (Nimodipine SAH)
*Cause reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, hyperprolactinemia, constipation
Diltiazem/Verapamil
Heart CCB (Rate control)
- HTN, angina, Afib/Aflutter
- Can cause cardiac depression and AV block
Hydralazine
^ cGMP Artery relaxation and AFTERLOAD REDUCTION
- Severe hypertension, CHF, Pregnancy HTN
- Can cause reflex tachy (dont use in CAD/angina), Fluid and Na retention, nausea, headache
- DRUG INDUCED LUPIS
Nitroprusside
HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY
Short acting ^cGMP VEINS>ARTERIES
*can cause cyanide toxicity
Fenoldopam
HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY
D1 Agonist
Coronary, peripheral, renal, splachnic vasodilation
Decreased BP and increased natriuresis
Minoxidil
Hypertension, resistant hypertension
^ K+ conduction: Hyperpolarizes smooth muscle and blocks Ca channel
SE: hair growth, hypotension, edema/Na retention, reflex tachycardia
Nitroglycerin, Issorbide mono and dinitrate
PRELOAD REDUCTION via NO/cGMP
Angina, ACS, pulm edema
SE: Reflex tachy, hypotension, flushing, headache
Antianginal therapy
Usually best with mix of Nitrates and B blockers, add ACEi if not reaching goals
Pregnancy antihypertensives
Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine
Hydralazine, methyldopa, labetalol, nifedipine
Statins
sharp dec. LDL, inc. HDL, Dec. trigs
Increase LDL receptors
SE: Hepatotoxicity and Rhabdomyolysis
Niacin
INC. HDL, dec. LDL and trigs
*Inhibits lipolysis and ddec. VLDL synthesis
SE: Flushing (tx Aspirin), /hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia
Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam
Dec. LDL, slight inc. HDL and trigs
*Prevents intestinal bile reabsorption
SE: GALLSTONES, Taste, GI discomfort,
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol absorption blockers (when statins = Rhabdo)
SE: ^lfts, diarrhea
Fibrates
DEC> TRIGS, dec.LDL, inc.HDL
*Increases LPL activity, activates PPARalpha-> HDL
SE: Myositis, hepatotox, cholesterol stones
Digoxin
Inhibition of Na/K atpase= decreased Ca antiport.
^inotropy, Dec. conduction at AV, SA suppression
SE: Blurry yellow vision, Hyperkalemia, heart block, lengthened PR. Cholinergic- NVD
TOX tx: Slowly normalize K+, cardiac pacing, anti dig Fab, Mg
Class Ia antiarrhythmics
Double Quarter Pounder Disopyramide, Procainamide, Quinidine *Treats: A/V arrhythmias, SVT- VT *^AP duration, ^ERP, ^QT Tox: TDP. CINCHONISM (HA/Tinnitus), DI lupis(procainamide), HF, throbocytopenia
Ib Antiarrhythmics
Mayo Lettuce Tomato
Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Tocanite
*Treats: acute Ventricular arrhythmias
*Prolongs refractory period. NO CHANGE OF QT
*TARGETS ISCHEMIC TISSUE
TOX: CNS depression/stimulation, CV depression
Ic Antiarrhythmics
Fries Please
Flecanide, Propafenone
*SVT, Afib
Increases Refractory period, NO CHANGE in AP or QT
Arrhythmic classes
No Badboy Keeps Clean
I-Na II- Beta blockers III-K+ IV Ca
Beta blockers
B1 specific- Metoprolol, Atenolol (decrease AV conduction)
B1 and 2- Propranolol, nadalol, timolol (n-z) [Careful COPD Asthma]
Alpha/Beta- Carvedilol, Labetalol (dec. HR and PVR)
Partial agonists: Acebutolol, Pindolol
*Dec. SA/AV node by dec cAMP and Ca+ inc. PR
SE: Asthma, bradycardia/AV block, CHF exacerbation, masking hypoglycemia
III Antiarrhythmic
AIDS
Amiodarone, Sotalol, Ibutilide, Dofetilide,
*^AP, ^ERP, ^QT - last resort
Afib/flutter, Vtach
Tox:
Sotalol - TDP
Amiodarone: Pulm fibrosis, hepatotox, thyrotoxicosis, corneal deposits, sun sensitivity
IV antiarrhythmics
Verapamil, diltiazem
*Dec. AV nodal conduction, ^ ERP, ^PR
*Treats: preventative SVT, Afib rate control
Tox: Constipation, flushing, edema, heart block, CHF, sinus nodde depression
Adenosine
K+ outof cells- Hyperpolarization. Treats: and diagnoses SVT. *SHORT ACTING *antagonized by theophylline and caffeine Tox: Hypotension, CP
MG
Treats: Digoxin toxicity, TDP
SE: Hyporeflexia
HTN Tx
ACEi/ARBs, Thiazides, Calcium channel blockers, Beta blockers