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Antimicrobial drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Trimethoprim

A

UTI/ GI infections with SMX
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

SE: Anemia

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2
Q

Nitrofurantonin

A

UTI treatment in pregnancy

Inhibition of bacterial ribosomes

SE: GI upset

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3
Q

Floroquinolones

A

UTI, GI, URI

Inhibit topoisomerase

SE: Cartilage and tendonopathy, GI sideffects

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4
Q

Metronidazole

A

Free radical injury
GET GAP on the Metro
Giardia, Entomoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnarella, Anaerobes, H. Pylori

SE: Disulfiram reaction

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5
Q

Cell wall inhibitors

A
  • Penicillin
  • Methacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
  • Ampicillin, Ammoxicillin
  • Ticaracillin, carbicillin, pipericillin
  • Polymyxin
  • Vanco
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6
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulfamethoxazole
Gram (+) (-) UTI, GI, PCP PROPHYLAXIS @ 200 CD4
-Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (early folate synthesis)

SE: Hypersensitivity/SJS, Hemolysis, Kernicterus

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7
Q

Penicillin

A

Gram (+), syphilis

SE: Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Methacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin

A

MSSA

Hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Ampicillin, ammoxicillin

A

Gram (+) and HELPSS
H. Flu, E. Coli, enteroccocus, listeria, proteus, salmonella, shigella

URI/UTI Neonatal meningitis

SE: Hypersensitivity

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10
Q

Ticaricillin/Piperacillin/Carbicillin

A

Gram (+) (-)
PSEUDOMONAS, bacteroides

SE: Hypersensitivity

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11
Q

Polymixin

A

Topical for Gram (-)
Cationic detergent

SE: Nephro and neurotoxic

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12
Q

Cephalexin, Cefazolin

A

Cephalosporin I
Gram (+) and PEcK (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella)

SE: Hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides and other nephrotoxic drugs

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13
Q

Cefuroxime, ceoxitin, cefaclor, cefprozil

A

Ceph II
HENS PEcK
Haemophilus, enterobacter, Neisseria, Serretia, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella

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14
Q

Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Cefdinir

A 
Ceph III
Serious Gram (-)
E. Coli, Proteus, Citrobacter, Meningitis (ceftriax), pseudomonas(Ceftazidime), HENS PEcK
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15
Q

Cefipime

A 
Ceph IV
Wide Gram (+) (-)

LIFE THREATENING INFECTIONS

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16
Q

Aztreonam

A

Gram (-) only
KEMPS3
Klebsiella, E. coli, monobactam, Pseudomonas, Serratia
Great for patients with renal disease- no toxicity

17
Q

Meropenim

Imepenim+Cilastatin

A 
Cil prevents imepenim breakdown
Wide Gram (+) (-), PSEUDOMONAS

SE: GI, neurotox(imepenim), rash

18
Q

Vancomycin

A

Binds D-ala D-ala
Gram (+) only

MRSA, Enterococci, oral for C. Diff

SE: Red man syndrome, Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis

19
Q

Linezolid

A

23s of 50s subunit (Initiation)
VRE, MRSA

EXPENSIVE

SE: GI, thrombocytopenia

20
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Buy AT 30 CCEL at 50

30s:
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines

50s:
Chloremphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin and macrolides, Linezolid

21
Q

Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Minocycline, Dimeclocycline

A

30s (blocks tRNA binding)
VACUUM THe BedRoom
Vibrio, Acne, Chlamydia, Uroplasma Ureolyticum, Mycoplasma, Tuleremia, Haemophilus, Corellia, Rickettsia Rickettsei

SE: ORANGE TEETH, Bone interference, GI upset, Photosensitivity

21
Q

Gentamycin, Tobramycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Amikacin

A

30S Initiation inhibition
ACETYLATION resistance
Severe gram (-)

SE:Nephro, Oto, teratogenic

22
Q

Arythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

A

“Macroslides”
23s of 50s Inhibition of translocation
Atypical pneumonia, Weird things, URI- strep pneumo and pyogenes
STD: Chlamydia/gonnorhea coinfection

SE: LONG QT, GI upset

23
Q

Chloremphenicol

A

50s Inhibition of peptidyl transferase
Meningitis: Haemophilus, Neisseria, strep pneum, rickettsia

SE: Anemia, Gray baby syndrome

24
Q

Clindamycin

A 
Blocks 50s Translocation
Anaerobic- Claustridia/ bacteroides
MRSA
Acne
Skin

SE: C.diff colitis, fever, diarrhea

25
Q

Isoniazid

A

Mycolic acid synthesis inhibition

SE: Can be hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, cause B6 deficiciency

26
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

Meningococcal and Haemophilus prophylaxis

SE: Hepatotoxicity, red bodily fluids etc

27
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Inhibition of mycolic acid formation
ACIDIFIES and WORKS IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT

SE: Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity

28
Q

Ethambutol

A

Blocks carbohydrate cell wall polymerization

SE: Red Green color blindness with optic neuropathy

29
Q

Atypical antifungal drugs

A

Flucytosine, Caspofungins, Terbinafine, griseofulvin

30
Q

Flucytosine

A

DNA/RNA biosynthesis inhibitor (5FU analogue)
*Tx of systemic infections like cryptococcus

SE: BM suppression, NVD

31
Q

Caspofungin

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor- binder of B-glucans
*Tx: invasive aspergillis, candida

SE: GI upset, flushing,

USMLE (8 decks)

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