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Cardiology > Cardio Devo > Flashcards

Cardio Devo Flashcards

1
Q

What are the precursor cells for the cardio system?

A

angioblasts or hmangioblasts; mesenchyme cells within extraembronic and intraembryonic mesoderm

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2
Q

What is a blood island?

A

aggregates of angioblasts, where they differntiate into endothelial and hemoatopietic stem cells

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3
Q

When are blood islands first observed?

A

day 17-18 in wall of yolk sac

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4
Q

What is the primary heart derived ffrom?

A

splanchnic mesoderm, u shaped found cardiogenic cresecent aka primary heart field

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5
Q

Cells from cardiogenic crest migrate into space between foregut endoderm and cardiogenic crest form what?

A

endothelial plexusq

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6
Q

Remodeling of endothelial plexus results in what?

A

inner tube with endothelium

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7
Q

What is the primitive heart tumbe?

A

initial linear heart tube; that is the primitve left ventricle

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8
Q

What is the secondary heart field?

A

an additional source of cardiac progenitor cells that contribute to the bulbus cordis(primitve right ventricle) outflow region and the primordial atrium the atrioventricular canl and the sinus venosus

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9
Q

What is cardiac endothelium?

A

the epithelium lining of the lumen of the heart

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10
Q

What is the mycoardium in simple tubular heart?

A

the outer epithelial tube

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11
Q

What is cardiac jelly?

A

between endocardium and myocardium; in AVcanal and outflow region.

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12
Q

What are the swellings in teh cardiac jelly?

A

endocardial cushions; either bulbar or conotruncal ridges

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13
Q

What ist he epicardium?

A

derived from proepicardial organ a cluster of coelomic epithelial cells adjacent to sinus venosus

underlying visceral pericardium; also contribute to formation of coronary vessels

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14
Q

Venous inflwo at the venous pole results in what?

A

several venous channels enter the sinus venosus of the primitive heart; umbilical veins contain placental blood
vitelline veins
common cardinal veins

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15
Q

What do vitelline veins do

A

contain oxygen poor blood from gut

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16
Q

What do common cardinal veins do?

A

contain oxygen poor blood from head and trunk

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17
Q

Which direction does the heart loop to?

A

the heart almost always loops to the right

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18
Q

A lack of proper looping results in what?

A

failure of complete looping results in retention of embryonic pattern of blood flow through the heart; double inlet left ventricle and double outlet right ventricle

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19
Q

What days does blood flow occur?

A

begins at day 20-22 and by day 26 becomes unidirectional

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20
Q

What forms the definitve right atrium?

A

primordial right atriuma dn portions of the sinus venosus

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21
Q

What does the proximal portion of the right anterior cardinal vein become?

A

superior vena cava

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22
Q

What becomes the terminal segment of the inferior vena cava?

A

cranial portion of the right vitelline vein

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23
Q

What is hte ridge of tissue to form the junction between smootha nd trabeculate portions of definitvie right atrium?

A

crista terminalis

24
Q

What is teh coronary sinus derived from?

A

left sinus venosus

25
Q

What is derived from teh right sinus valve?

A

crista terminalis
valve of the IVC
valve of CS

26
Q

What is the smooth area of right atrium derived from?

A

absorbed right SV

27
Q

What is the Inferior vena cava (terminal segment) derived form?

A

right vitelline vein

28
Q

What is the superior vena cava derived from?

A

right common cardinal vein

29
Q

What is the appendage (trabeculate poriton derived from?

A

primordial atrium

30
Q

What is teh wall of the definitve left atrium foremd from

A

absored pulmonary veins

31
Q

Why cant teh simple AV canal be simmply divided in development?

A

there is no connection between the right atrium and right ventricle with the simple av canal

32
Q

How is the connection between the right atriuma and right ventricle made?

A

remodeling changes along inner curvature of heart, endocardial tissue is replace with cardiac muscle, thinning the heart wall and causing right ward expansion of the common av canal

33
Q

What are bulbar ridges?

A

expansion of cardiac jelly, populated with cardiac mesenchyme

34
Q

Fusion of thesuperior and inferior endocardial cushions from what?

A

septum intermedium

35
Q

What does the cardiac mesenchye in hte mature hearrt?

A

valve leaflets, as well as chordae tenidnae and cardiac skeleton

36
Q

At what time does cardiac muscle form the IVS?

A

24-26

37
Q

When does the membranous portion of IVS come from?

A

from cushion tissue of bulbar ridges adn inferior endocardial cushion

38
Q

What intraventicular communication is never closed?

A

primary interventricular ccommunication; becomes aortic vestibule

39
Q

What are the specilalized requirements of the interartrial septum?/

A

must seperate two atria
must allow right to left shunting during fetal life
must provide for only one way shunting

40
Q

What days does septation of common primordial atrium occur?

A

26-28

41
Q

What are the inferior or leading edge of PAS coated with?

A

mesenchyme cap;

42
Q

What is the superior interarterila fold?

A

interartrial muscular ridge on roof of common atrium to right of PAS- forms septum to form oval foramen

43
Q

What prevents left to right flow of blood in atria of fetus?

A

septum primum

44
Q

What forms teh inlet of right and left ventricles?

A

AV canal

45
Q

What forms the apical trabeculated portions of ventricles?

A

primitve ventricules

46
Q

What forms the outlets of the right and left ventricles(smooth portion?

A

proximal outflow region

47
Q

What forms pulmonary and aortic valves and part of the roots of these trunks?

A

distal outflow region

48
Q

What forms parts of pumlonary and aortic roots?

A

aortic sac

49
Q

What seperates teh outflow region into two sets of channels?

A

conotruncal septum; formed by opposing riges within each poriton–bulbar ridges

50
Q

At what week is heart completel divided?

A

7th-8th week

51
Q

What heart defects create a left to right shunt?

A

ventricular septal defect
atrial septal defect
patent ductus arteriousus

52
Q

What are the blue baby, “cyanotic” congenital defects?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Vessels
Truncus Arteriousus
Pulmonary Stenosis/Atresia

53
Q

What congenital defects cause left heart obstrution?

A

occur from obstruction of blood flow out of the left ventricle or into them.

54
Q

What is teh msot common major congenital heart defect?

A

ventricular septal defect

55
Q

Where are 90% of ventricular septal defects?

A

perimembranous

Cardiology (12 decks)

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