Cardio - Blood and hemostasis

Question 1

Erythrocytes have a ___ disc shape which gives them a high ___ ___-to-volume ratio. This allows for better ___ of oxygen and carbon dioxide. They contain large amount of ___, which bind oxygen via ___ atoms.

Answer 1

biconcave; surface area; diffusion; hemoglobin; Fe2+

Question 2

If you cannot increase blood volume, then how can Hb be used to increase O2?

Answer 2

extract more O2 from Hb

Question 3

What is the limiting factor in erythropoiesis?

Answer 3

availability of dietary iron, therefore storage and recycling mechanisms are highly developed in humans, as protection from anemia.

Question 4

___, from the liver and bone marrow, serves as a ___ buffer for iron

Answer 4

Ferritin; storage

Question 5

What is the life span of a RBC?

Answer 5

120 days (1% of RBCs replaced daily [~250 billion RBCs])

Question 6

What is the major breakdown product of hemoglobin?

Answer 6

bilirubin

Question 7

Iron released from ___ RBCs is bound to ___ and delivered to ___ ___.

Answer 7

destroyed; transferrin; bone marrow

Question 8

What is needed for thymine and if deficient will cause impaired cell division?

Answer 8

folic acid

Question 9

What requires the action of folic acid whose absorption requires intrinsic factor? What happens if there is no intrinsic factor?

Answer 9

B12

patient will develop pernicious anemia

Question 10

Where is B12 found?

Answer 10

only in meat, must be supplemented for vegans

Question 11

How is erythropoiesis regulated?

Answer 11

hormonally

Question 12

___ oxygen delivery to the kidney causes the secretion of ___, which activates receptors in the ___ ___, leading to an increase in the rate of ___.

Answer 12

Decreased; erythropoietin; bone marrow; erythropoiesis

Question 13

What are five major causes of anemia?

Answer 13

1. dietary deficiencies of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid
2. bone marrow failure due to toxic drugs or cancer
3. blood loss from the body leading to iron deficiency
4. inadequate secretion of erythropoietin in kidney disease
5. excessive destruction of erythrocytes

Question 14

Anemia is a decrease in the ability of the blood to carry oxygen due to what???

Answer 14

1. decrease in the total number of erythrocytes
2. diminished concentration of hemoglobin
3. combination of both

Question 15

___ is the stoppage of bleeding. It is accomplished by 2 processes that occur in rapid succession. What are they? What is critical to both?

Answer 15

Hemostasis

1. formation of a platelet plug
2. blood coagulation (clotting)

Platelets are critical to both