Cardio

Question 1

What management is require for a AAA that’s

3 - 4.4 cm

Answer 1

Small aneurysm- Rescan every 12 months

Question 2

What management is required for an AAA that’s

4.5 - 5.4 cm

Answer 2

Medium aneurysm- Rescan every 3 months

Question 3

What management is required for a AAA that is >= 5.5cm

Answer 3

Large aneurysm- Refer within 2 weeks to vascular surgery for probable intervention

Question 4

Who should receive statin treatment for Primary prevention?

Answer 4

10 year Q-Risk Score => 10%

MOST T1DM

CKD if eGFR< 60

Question 5

Who should receive statin treatment for secondary prevention?

Answer 5

Known ischemic heart disease/ cerebrovascular disease/ Peripheral arterial disease

Question 6

Dose of primary prevention statin?

Answer 6

Atorvostatin 20mg OD

Unless non-HDL has not fallen by >-= 40% then titrate up to 80mg

Question 7

Dose of secondary Prevention statin?

Answer 7

Atorvostatin 80mg OD

Question 8

Definition of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 8

a drop in BP (usually >20/10 mm Hg) within three minutes of standing

Question 9

If someone is hemodynamically stable and >65 yrs/ history of IHS what is the AF treatment?

Answer 9

Rate control via:

1. BB
2. CCB - Diatezam ONLY if not hF
3. Digoxin

Question 10

If someone is hemodynamically stable and <65 yrs/ NO history of IHS what is the AF treatment?

Answer 10

Rhythm Control medical cardioversion- via Fleclinamide then amioderone.

Question 11

Description and management of type A aortic dissection?

Answer 11

Type A: Ascending Aorta

1. Hypertension control with intravenous (IV) labetalol
2. Surgical repair- Usually thoracic endovascular aortic repair

Question 12

Description and management of type B aortic dissection?

Answer 12

Type B- DECSENDING
Management of hypertension with IV labetalol only.

-> Surgery is only required for distal dissections that are leaking, ruptured, or compromising vital organs.

Question 13

Values for an exudative effusion?

Answer 13

Protein >30g/l

LDH > 20g/l ( pelural LDH =/> 2/3 serum LDH)

Question 14

Causes of an exudative effusion?

Answer 14

Infection
Malignancy
Inflammation

Question 15

Causes of a Transudative Effusion?

Answer 15

• ↑ venous pressure
o cardiac failure
o constrictive pericarditis
o fluid overload

• Hypoproteinaemia
o Cirrhosis
o Nephrotic syndrome
o Malabsorption

• Hypothyroidism
• Meig’s syndrome (right sided pleural effusion with ovarian fibroma)