Cardio

Question 1

Cushing triad

Answer 1

Hypertension
Bradycardia
Respiratory depression

Question 2

The most common site of coronary artery occlusion

Answer 2

Left anterior descending artery

Question 3

What organ has the Largest share if systemic cardiac output?

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

What organ has the highest blood flow per gram of tissue?

Answer 4

Kidney

Question 5

Factors determining autoregulation of the heart (3)

Answer 5

O2
Adenosine
NO

Question 6

Factors determining autoregulation of the brain (1)

Answer 6

CO2 (pH)

Question 7

Factors determining autoregulation of the kidneys (2)

Answer 7

Myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 8

Factors determining autoregulation of the skeletal muscle

Answer 8

Lactate
Adenosine
K

Question 9

What is the most common cause of early cyanosis in infants?

Answer 9

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 10

Right-to-Left shunts
Early cyanosis
“Blue babies”

Answer 10

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)

Question 11

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 11

VSD

Question 12

Left-to-Right shunts
Late cyanosis
“Blue kids”

Answer 12

VSD
ASD
PDA

VSD>ASD>PDA

Question 13

This defect is caused by anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

Answer 13

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 14

This defect is caused by failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

Answer 14

D-Transposition of Great Vessels

Question 15

Type of atherosclerosis involving calcification of the MEDIA of arteries, especially RADIAL or ULNAR.
“Pipestem arteries”
Does not cause obstruction, does not involve intima.

Answer 15

Monckeberg

Question 16

Disruption of vasa vasorum of the aorta with consequent dilation of the aorta and valve ring causing “Tree bark” appearance of aorta. Calcification of aortic root and ascending aortic arch

Answer 16

Tertiary syphilis

Question 17

A decrease in amplitude of systolic blood pressure by 10mmHg during inspiration. Seen in severe cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, and croup

Answer 17

Pulsus paradoxus

Question 18

Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

Answer 18

Myxomas

Question 19

Most common primary cardiac tumor in children

Answer 19

Rhabdomyomas

Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 20

Increase in jugular venous pressure on INSPIRATION

Answer 20

Kussmaul’s sign

Question 21

Valves affected in Rheumatic fever

Answer 21

Mitral > Aortic&raquo_space; tricuspid

Question 22

Valve most frequently involved in bacterial endocarditis

Answer 22

Mitral

Tricuspid from IV drug abusers

Question 23

Organism causing acute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 23

Staph aureus (high virulence)

Question 24

Organism causing subacute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 24

Strep viridans from dental procedures (low virulence)

Question 25

Triad of Wegener granulomatosis

Answer 25

Focal necrotizing vasculitis Necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway Necrotizing glomerulonephritis

Question 26

Pansystolic murmur

Answer 26

VSD

Question 27

Systolic ejection murmur (SEM)

Answer 27

ASD | Truncus arteriosus

Question 28

Continuous machine-like murmur

Answer 28

PDA

Question 29

Most common cyanotic CHD in first week of life

Answer 29

Transposition of great vessels

Question 30

Most common cyanotic heart defect

Answer 30

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 31

CXR "egg on a string"

Answer 31

Transposition of great vessels

Question 32

Syndrome involved in Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 32

De George | CATCH-22

Question 33

Surgical intervention for Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 33

Blalock-Taussig Shunt | (Systemic-to-pulmonary) is palliative

Question 34

CXR "Snowman sign"

Answer 34

TAPVR

Question 35

Syndrome associated with | Aortic coarctation

Answer 35

Turner syndrome

Question 36

CXR Rib notching "3 sign"

Answer 36

Aortic coarctation

Question 37

Most common acquired valve disease

Answer 37

Aortic stenosis

Question 38

High-pitched, early diastolic decresendo murmur "blowing"

Answer 38

Aortic regurgitation

Question 39

Mid-SEM that radiates to the neck

Answer 39

Aortic stenosis

Question 40

Mitral stenosis is associated with what disease

Answer 40

Rheumatic fever

Question 41

Mid-diastolic/presystolic murmur preceded by opening click

Answer 41

Mitral stenosis

Question 42

Pansystolic murmur with short diastolic rumbling

Answer 42

Mitral regurgitation

Question 43

Most common organism seen in NATIVE VALVE endocarditis

Answer 43

STREP VIRIDANS S. Aureus Enterococcus

Question 44

Most common organism seen in PROSTHETIC VALVE endocarditis

Answer 44

S. epidermidis (early) | S. viridans (late)

Question 45

Most common primary tumor of the heart? Location?

Answer 45

Cardiac Myxoma | Left Atrium