Question 1

The walls of medium and large blood vessels are generally described in terms of 3 concentric layers or tunics. Starting from the innermost layer, these tunics are:

Accepted Answer

1. Tunica Intima 2. Tunica Media 3. Tunica Adventitia

Question 2

Tunica Intima is the thinnest layer. It is comprised of.............., which is a layer of simple squamous epithelium, and............., which is a thin loose connective tissue layer with occasional smooth muscle cells.

Accepted Answer

Endothelium Sub endothelial connective tissue

Question 3

Each endothelial cell is arranged in................ to the lumen of the vessel, and are attached to one another by tight junctions and occasional gap junctions. The endothelium rests on a.................

Accepted Answer

parallel basal lamina

Question 4

Tunica Media is the middle layer. What is it comprised of?

Accepted Answer

- circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cells - extra cellular matrix components - elastic fibers

Question 5

Tunica Adventitia covers the outer surface of blood vessels and is primarily composed of what 3 things?

Accepted Answer

- collagen fibers - elastic fibers - fibroblasts

Question 6

What are the FUNCTIONS OF ENDOTHELIUM?

Accepted Answer

1. Endothelium is specialized epithelium that acts as a semipermeable membrane between blood and the interstitial fluid. 2. The endothelium presents a non thrombogenic surface. 3. The endothelial cells regulate local vascular tone and blood flow by secreting a number of factors that stimulate smooth muscle contraction (ex: ACE) or relaxation (ex: NO). 4. Under various conditions it secretes various growth factors , including proteins that promote proliferation of specific white blood cell lineages and cells that make up the vascular wall.

Question 7

The endothelium presents a..................... surface.

Accepted Answer

non thrombogenic

Question 8

Nitric oxide (NO) causes...................... of blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

dilation/relaxation

Question 9

Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body tissues. They are classified according to their size into what 3 categories?

Accepted Answer

- Large elastic arteries - Muscular arteries - Arterioles

Question 10

Which are the large elastic arteries?

Accepted Answer

Include aorta, large branches from the aortic arch (common carotid and subclavian ), common iliac arteries and pulmonary trunk.

Question 11

Large elastic arteries are conducting vessels, bringing blood to periphery or the lungs. The presence of.................... helps withstand the........... pressure , thereby preventing excessive blood pressure in the arterial system.

Accepted Answer

elastic fibers systolic

Question 12

When ventricular pressure decreases during diastole, the elastic recoil of the................... of large elastic arteries helps maintain arterial pressure.

Accepted Answer

elastic lamellae

Question 13

Regarding the layers of large elastic arteries, tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia, which is the thickest?

Accepted Answer

tunica media

Question 14

The tunica intima of large elastic arteries consists of.......... and a......................... of loose connective tissue with occasional smooth muscle cells, both oriented longitudinally . The..................... marks the outermost boundary of intima and is a signature characteristic of arteries . It is composed of elastin and is fenestrated to permit diffusion of nutrients. It is specifically prominent in large arteries.

Accepted Answer

endothelium sub endothelial layer Internal elastic lamina

Question 15

The tunica media of large elastic arteries is a thick layer with up to 70............. arranged................... lamellae, which increases with age. Elastic tissue is present in abundance, and gives it a yellowish appearance in situ. Smooth muscle cells are.............. arranged and extra cellular matrix separates each lamella .

Accepted Answer

concentrically fenestrated elastic circularly

Question 16

The tunica adventitia of large elastic arteries is typically about half of the thickness of the tunica media and is composed of a............... arrangement of.............. and........... fibers. Fibroblasts and................ are also present.

Accepted Answer

loose, irregular elastic and collagen vas vasorum

Question 17

Muscular arteries are................ arteries.

Accepted Answer

distributing

Question 18

The tunica intima of muscular arteries consists of the endothelium, plus a thin............... layer with a few smooth muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

sub endothelial

Question 19

The outer most boundary of muscular arteries tunica intima is defined by.............., which is very distinct and causes undulations of tunica intima.

Accepted Answer

internal elastic lamina

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Cardio 2 histo (physio) Flashcards

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