Question 1

There are 2 systems that are responsible for moving fluid around your body. They are separate but are connected components: The blood vascular component called the cardiovascular system, and the lymphatic vascular system which collects and returns excess ECF (lymph) to the blood vascular system. The cardiovascular system includes.............. circulation and ............... circulation.

Accepted Answer

pulmonary circulation systemic circulation

Question 2

The cardiovascular system includes the heart, Arteries (a series of.......... vessels from the heart which carry blood to other organs), Capillaries (the smallest vessels, site of O2,CO2, nutrient and waste product exchange between blood and tissues), and veins.

Accepted Answer

efferent

Question 3

What are the three layers of the heart? (from innermost to outermost)

Accepted Answer

Endocardium Myocardium Pericardium

Question 4

..............is also known as the visceral layer of pericardium.

Accepted Answer

EPICARDIUM

Question 5

The outermost layer of epicardium is covered by simple squamous epithelium called............... Deep to this is a fibrous elastic connective tissue.

Accepted Answer

mesothelium

Question 6

Epicardium (the visceral layer of pericardium) contains the blood vessels and nerves that......... The epicardium is reflected on the great vessels entering and leaving the heart. There is a potential space, the pericardial cavity which contains a serous (pericardial) fluid around the heart.

Accepted Answer

supply the heart

Question 7

MYOCARDIUM is the most well developed layer, which consists of bundles of............... that are attached to the thick collagenous connective tissue skeleton of the heart .

Accepted Answer

cardiac muscle

Question 8

The myocardium consists of 3 cell types : 1. .............. cardiocytes, which contract to pump blood through the circulation. 2. ............. cardiocytes, producing atrial natriuretic factor. 3. .............. cardiocytes, which are specialized to control rhythmic contraction of the heart.

Accepted Answer

Contractile Myoendocrine Nodal

Question 9

Where are nodal cardiocytes located?

Accepted Answer

the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node.

Question 10

Endocardium is the inner most layer and is composed of................... endothelium as well as a............... tissue .

Accepted Answer

simple squamous sub endothelial fibroelastic connective

Question 11

The endocardium participates in the formation of...............

Accepted Answer

heart valves

Question 12

The.......................... layer lies deep to the endocardial layer. It is comprised of collagenous and elastic fibers . Small blood vessels and............. fibers are found here . This layer attaches to the endomysium of the cardiac muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

Sub endocardial layer Purkinje

Question 13

Cardiac muscle cells (...............) are branched cylinders that are 85-100 µm long, 15 µm in diameter, and have what kind of nucleus?

Accepted Answer

cardiocytes single centrally placed nucleus

Question 14

What are the 4 differences to note about myocardium compared to skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

1. The T TUBULES are found at the level of the Z DISC & are substantially LARGER than those of skeletal muscle found at the A-I junction. 2. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is NOT AS EXTENSIVE as that of skeletal muscle. 3. DIADS, (rather than triads seen in skeletal muscle) are typical in cardiocytes. A diad consists of a T tubule interacting with just one sarcoplasmic reticulum (instead of 2 as in skeletal muscle) 4. Mitochondria are MORE ABUNDANT in the cardiac muscle and contain numerous cristae.

Question 15

The cardiocytes are joined end to end by specialized junctional complexes called................

Accepted Answer

intercalated discs

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Cardio 1 histo (physio) Flashcards

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