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0nclex meds > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide

A
  • loop diuretic
  • heart failure
  • hypertension
  • take early to avoid nocturia
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2
Q

ACE inhibitor common s/e

A
  • nagging cough
  • raises potassium and creatine
  • dysgeusia
    • reduced taste
      • more likely to use salt = hypertension
  • angioedema (VERY BAD)
    • swelling of face, lips, and eyes
  • monitor creatine, potassium, and GFR for ACE INHIBITORS
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3
Q

____________ interacts with __________

A
  • Verapamil
  • grapefruit
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4
Q

Avoid on warfarin

A
  • ginkgo Biloba
  • ginger root
  • garlic
  • saw palmetto
  • requires constant intake of vitamin K
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5
Q

Beta-blocker

A
  • contraindicated in cariogenic shock
  • decrease CO/ lowers HR
  • treats A-fib/V.fib, A flutter, tacycardia
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6
Q

Labetalol

A

Lowers BP and HR

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7
Q

Increase Cardiac Output

A
  • positive inotropic drugs
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine
  • dobutamine
  • vasopressin
  • increase stroke/blood volume
  • sympathetic stimulation (fight or flight)
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8
Q

Carvedilol

A
  • beta-blocker used in CHF
  • increases left ventricular EF
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9
Q

Isosorbide

A
  • nitrate
  • do not take with phosphodiesterase inhibitors
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10
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A
  • treats erectile dysfunction
  • treats pulmonary hypertension
  • sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil
  • Cilostazol
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11
Q

contraindicated for heart failure

A
  • diltiazem
  • prednisone (steroid - fluid retention)
  • Naproxen (NSAID - fluid retention)
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12
Q

Heart failure meds

A
  • ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, diuetritc
  • ACE is first
  • if s/e, use ARBs (sartan)
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13
Q

Side effect of niacin

A

Facial flushing

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14
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot med

A

Morphine sulfate

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15
Q

Decrease blood pressure

A
  • atenolol
  • spironolactone
  • fentanyl
  • amlodipine
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16
Q

Amiodarone

A
  • causes hyper- and hypothyroidism
  • monitor TSH
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17
Q

Modafinil

A

used in the management of narcolepsy

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18
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • angina, pulmonary edema, and hypertension
  • monitor BP
    • give when systolic more than 150 ONLY
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19
Q

Rivaroxaban

A
  • Xa inhibitor
  • treats venous thromboembolism (VTE)
  • vein thrombosis (DVT)
  • pulmonary embolism (PE)
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20
Q

Meds for hypertension

A
  • lisinopril
  • diltiazem
  • propranolol
  • candesartan
21
Q

Magnesium sulfate monitor

A
  • Heart rate
  • Heart rhythm
22
Q

Diltiazem

A
  • CCB
  • treats a-fib
  • may cause bradycardia and hypotension
23
Q

Adenosine

A
  • treats SVT
24
Q

Vasopressors monitor

A
  • EKG

do not give through IV

25
Q

Blood products infusion time

A
  • red blood cells (PRBC)
    • 2-4 hours
    • given when hemoglobin is 7 or less
    • O- is universal donor
    • 0.9% NS spiked with y-tube
  • plasma
    • 15-30 min
    • must be type specific
    • monitor PT/INR for efficacy
  • platelet
    • also 15-30 min
    • treats platelet dysfunction
    • treats thrombocytopenia
    • given if platelets are 20,000-25,000
    • does not have to be type specific
26
Q

Clopidogrel

A
  • antiplatelet
  • given after MI to prevent another infarction
  • do not abruptly stop
27
Q

Losartan

A
  • ARB
  • used for hypertension and heart failure
  • INCREASES POTASSIUM
    • AVOID WITH POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC LIKE Spirolactone
  • does not lower HR
28
Q

Digoxin

A
  • heart failure
  • a. fib
  • lowers HR
  • measure apical HR prior
    • infant
      • at least 90
    • adult
      • at least 70
  • do not give if hypokalemic
  • therapeutic level = 1-2
  • toxic level = 2+
29
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A
  • nausea/vomiting (earliest sign)
  • low potassium/magnesium
  • seeing halo
  • bradycardia
  • anorexia
  • dysrhythmias

NSAIDs increase risk

30
Q

Calcium channel blockers a/e

A
  • causes edema
  • use compression stockings
31
Q

Dofetilide

A
  • anti-arrhythmic
  • a. flutter
  • can prolong QT interval
  • can cause hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
32
Q

Esmolol

A
  • beta blocker
  • contraindicated for heart block
33
Q

Antidysrhythmics s/e

A
  • hypotension
  • dizziness
  • weakness
34
Q

Meds that prolong QT interval

A
  • azithromycin/erythromycin
  • ciprofloxacin/levofloxaxin
  • haloperidol
  • ziprasidone
  • escitalopram
  • ondansetron
  • dofetilide
35
Q

Milrinone

A
  • treats congestive heart failure
  • lowers BP
36
Q

Ventricular dysrhythmias meds

A
  • lidocaine
  • amiodarone
  • Procainamide
37
Q

Hydralazine

A
  • arteriolar vasodilator
  • treats hypertension
  • take BP prior
  • risk for orthostatic hypotension
    • fall risk
  • toxicity
    • hypotension
    • tachycardia
    • headache
    • skin flushing
  • risk for reflex tachycardia
    • as BP drops, HR increases to maintain cardiac output
38
Q

Antidysrhythmics s/e

A
  • hypotension
  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • examples
    • Sodium channel blockers
    • Beta-adrenergic blockers
    • Potassium channel blockers
    • Calcium channel blockers
    • Miscellaneous antidysrhythmic drugs
39
Q

Spironolactone

A
  • aldosterone receptor antagonist
  • hypertension
  • potassium sparing
    • can cause hyperkalemia
    • detremental in End stage renal disease (ESRD)
      • potassium already high, dont want to further increase
  • DO NOT GIVE WITH ARBS (SARTAN)
    • LOSARTAN
    • ALSO INCREASE POTASSIUM
40
Q

Metoprolol

A
  • angina
  • hypertension
  • premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
  • after heart attack
  • A.Fib
  • causes bradycardia
  • stopping can lead to rebound hypertension
  • take with or without food
41
Q

Captopril

A
  • ACE inhibitor used to manage heart failure and hypertension.
  • monitor creatine and GFR for ACE INHIBITORS
42
Q

Aspirin a/e

A
  • anaphylactic shock
  • gastrointenstinal ulcerations
  • hemolytic anemia
43
Q

Acetaminophen a/e

A
  • hepatic failure
  • kidney damage
44
Q

Cilostazol

A
  • phosphodiesterase inhibitor
    • like sildenafil
  • treats peripheral arterial disease (pain when ambulating)
  • decrease platelet aggregation
  • promotos vasodilation
  • ALLOWS AMBULATE WITHOUT PAIN
  • common s/e is diarrhea and headache
  • DO NOT GIVE WITH HEART FAILURE
45
Q

Cochicine

A
  • reduces inflammation in pericardium
  • give for acute pericarditis
    • also give NSAID/glucocorticoids
  • give for several weeks
  • can cause GI upset = give with food
46
Q

Loop diuretic desired outcome

A
  • lower BP
  • lower pulmonary vascular resistance
  • lower systematic vascular resistance
    • amount of force exerted on circulating blood
  • lower CVP
  • lower preload and wall tension
47
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation meds

A
  • L.A.P
    • Lidocaine
    • Amiodarone
    • Procainamide
48
Q

Arbs (Sartan)

A
  • hypertension
  • heart failure
  • avoid in pregnancy
  • increases potassium
    • do not combine with potassium sparring diuretic
    • Spironolactone

0nclex meds (13 decks)

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