Cardiac & Vascular Function curves Flashcards
Changes in Contractility
Altered CO for given RA pressure (Preload)
Inotropy
Catecholamines
Digoxin +
Gives ? Inotropic Effect
+ Inotropy Examples
Uncompensated HF
Narcotic overdose
Sympathetic Inhibition -
Give ? Inotropic Effect
- Inotropy Examples
altered RA pressure for a given CO
Venous Return
Mean systemic pressure (x-intercept) changes with?
Venous Return (changes in circulating volume/ venous tone)
Fluid Infusion
Sympathetic activity
? Venous Return
+ venous return
Acute Hemorrhage
Spinal Anesthesia
- venous return
At a given Mean Systemic Pressure (x-intercept) and RA pressure, changes in TPR –> altered CO
TPR effect
Vasopressor = ? TPR
+ TPR
Exercise
AV shunt
=? TPR
- TPR
Period between
MV closing
AV Opens
Isovolumetric Contraction
period of highest o2 consumption
Isovolumetric Contraction
Period between
AV opening
AV closing
Systolic Ejection
Period between
AV closing
MV open
Isovolumetric Relaxation
Period
Just after mitral valve opening
Rapid Filling
Period
Just before Mitral Valve Closing
Rapid Filling to
Reduced Filling
S1 occurs:
Mitral Valve Closes
S2 occurs:
Aortic Valve Closes
S3 occurs:
after MV opens
S4 occurs:
Before MV Closes
Increased Contractility
3 results
Increased
1. SV
2. EF
Decreased
1. ESVIncreased Afterload
3 results
Increased
1. Aortic Pressure 2. ESV
Decreased
1. SV
Increased Preload leads to:
Increased SV
Valve Closure S1
MV
Tricuspid Valve
(“my trees - are pretty”)
Valve Closure S2
AV
Pulmonary Valve
“my trees-are pretty”
Which Heart Sound is loudest at
Mitral Area?
S1
Which Heart Sound is loudest at
LUS border (left upper sternal )?
S2
S3 Heart sounds during
ED’s RV
Early Diastole during Rapid Ventricular Filling Phase
S3 is associated with
Increased filling pressures
e.g. Mitral Reguritation, HF
Which Heart Sound is more common in
dilated ventricles (but can be in normal children & young adults)
S3
Which Heart Sound
Late Diastole “Arterial kick”
S4
S4 best heard
Apex of patients Left Lateral Decubitus position
Which Heart sound has
High Atrial Pressure
S4
Heart Sound associated with
Ventricular noncompliance (e.g. Hypertrophy)
S4
Left Atrium must push up against stiff LV wall
Consider Abnormal, regardless of patient age
S4
