Cardiac & Vascular Function curves

Question 1

Changes in Contractility

Altered CO for given RA pressure (Preload)

Answer 1

Inotropy

Question 2

Catecholamines
Digoxin +

Gives ? Inotropic Effect

Answer 2

+ Inotropy Examples

Question 3

Uncompensated HF
Narcotic overdose
Sympathetic Inhibition -

Give ? Inotropic Effect

Answer 3

• Inotropy Examples

Question 4

altered RA pressure for a given CO

Answer 4

Venous Return

Question 5

Mean systemic pressure (x-intercept) changes with?

Answer 5

Venous Return (changes in circulating volume/ venous tone)

Question 6

Fluid Infusion
Sympathetic activity

? Venous Return

Answer 6

+ venous return

Question 7

Acute Hemorrhage

Spinal Anesthesia

Answer 7

• venous return

Question 8

At a given Mean Systemic Pressure (x-intercept) and RA pressure, changes in TPR –> altered CO

Answer 8

TPR effect

Question 9

Vasopressor = ? TPR

Answer 9

+ TPR

Question 10

Exercise
AV shunt

=? TPR

Answer 10

• TPR

Question 11

Period between
MV closing
AV Opens

Answer 11

Isovolumetric Contraction

Question 12

period of highest o2 consumption

Answer 12

Isovolumetric Contraction

Question 13

Period between
AV opening
AV closing

Answer 13

Systolic Ejection

Question 14

Period between
AV closing
MV open

Answer 14

Isovolumetric Relaxation

Question 15

Period

Just after mitral valve opening

Answer 15

Rapid Filling

Question 16

Period

Just before Mitral Valve Closing

Answer 16

Rapid Filling to

Reduced Filling

Question 17

S1 occurs:

Answer 17

Mitral Valve Closes

Question 18

S2 occurs:

Answer 18

Aortic Valve Closes

Question 19

S3 occurs:

Answer 19

after MV opens

Question 20

S4 occurs:

Answer 20

Before MV Closes

Question 21

Increased Contractility

3 results

Answer 21

Increased
      1. SV
      2. EF
Decreased
       1. ESV

Question 22

Increased Afterload

3 results

Answer 22

Increased

  1. Aortic Pressure
  2. ESV

Decreased
1. SV

Question 23

Increased Preload leads to:

Answer 23

Increased SV

Question 24

Valve Closure S1

Answer 24

MV
Tricuspid Valve

(“my trees - are pretty”)

Question 25

Valve Closure S2

Answer 25

AV
Pulmonary Valve

“my trees-are pretty”

Question 26

Which Heart Sound is loudest at

Mitral Area?

Answer 26

S1

Question 27

Which Heart Sound is loudest at

LUS border (left upper sternal )?

Answer 27

S2

Question 28

S3 Heart sounds during

Answer 28

ED’s RV

Early Diastole during Rapid Ventricular Filling Phase

Question 29

S3 is associated with

Answer 29

Increased filling pressures

e.g. Mitral Reguritation, HF

Question 30

Which Heart Sound is more common in

dilated ventricles (but can be in normal children & young adults)

Answer 30

S3

Question 31

Which Heart Sound

Late Diastole “Arterial kick”

Answer 31

S4

Question 32

S4 best heard

Answer 32

Apex of patients Left Lateral Decubitus position

Question 33

Which Heart sound has

High Atrial Pressure

Answer 33

S4

Question 34

Heart Sound associated with

Ventricular noncompliance (e.g. Hypertrophy)

Answer 34

S4

Question 35

Left Atrium must push up against stiff LV wall

Consider Abnormal, regardless of patient age

Answer 35

S4