Cardiac Valves

Question 1

What is the purpose of cardiac valves?

Answer 1

To prevent the back flow of blood through the heart

Question 2

What are the valves between the atria and the ventricles called?

Answer 2

The atrioventricular vales (AV)

Question 3

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle there is a valve, what is it called?

Answer 3

The tricuspid valve

Question 4

How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

How do the cusps of the tricuspid valve attach to the ventricular wall?

Answer 5

The 3 cusps are connected to Chordae tendineae and 3 papillary muscles
Which then attach to the ventricular wall

Question 6

What produces the first heart sound?

Answer 6

The AV valve

closes during the start of ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 7

What is the right atrioventricular valve also known as?

Answer 7

Tricuspid valve

Question 8

What is the left atrioventricular valve also known as?

Answer 8

Bicuspid valve or mitral valve

Question 9

What are the Chordae tendineae (tendinous cords) colloquially known as?

Answer 9

Heart strings

Question 10

Where are the papillary muscles located?

Answer 10

The ventricles of the heart

Question 11

How do the papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the AV valves?

Answer 11

Via Chordae tendineae

Question 12

What does the contraction of the papillary muscles prevent?

Answer 12

Inversion or prolapse of the AV valves during systole (or ventricular contraction)

Question 13

Where does the mitral valve lie?

Answer 13

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Question 14

What is the mitral valve also known as?

Answer 14

Bicuspid valve, because it has two cusps

Question 15

Where are the cusps of the mitral valve attached too?

Answer 15

Via the Chordae tendineae to two papillary muscles, projecting from the ventricle wall

Question 16

What causes AV valves to open and close?

Answer 16

They open and close passively according to the change in pressure in the chambers
They open when the pressure in the atria is greater than that of the ventricles

Question 17

What happens to the AV valves during ventricular contraction?

Answer 17

The pressure in the ventricles rises to greater that of the atria and the valves snap shut, preventing any back flow

Question 18

What prevents the AV valves from opening upwards into the atria?

Answer 18

Chordae tendineae
tenuous cords that extend from the inferior surface of the cusps to small projections on the myocardium, little projections onto the wall of the ventricles called papillary muscles

Question 19

How many semi-lunar valves sit next to each of the ventricles?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

What is the semi-lunar valve coming from the right ventricle called?

Answer 20

The pulmonary valve

Question 21

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

Answer 21

At the base of the pulmonary artery

Question 22

How many cusps is the pulmonary valve composed of?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

Is the pulmonary valve attached to any papillary

muscles?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What happens when the right ventricle relaxes?

Answer 24

Blood flows back into this ventricle from the artery
This flow of blood presses against each of the 3 cusps, and the valve closes, preventing the back flow of blood into the right ventricle

Question 25

What is the semi-lunar valve on the left side of the heart called?

Answer 25

The aortic valve

Question 26

Where is the aortic valve situated?

Answer 26

The base of the aorta

Question 27

Is the aortic valve attached to any papillary muscles?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

How many cusps does the aortic valve have?

Answer 28

3

Question 29

What causes the aortic valve to close?

Answer 29

Closes with the pressure of blood flowing back from the aorta

Question 30

What does closure of the aortic valve prevent?

Answer 30

preventing blood flowing back into the left ventricle