Cardiac Tests

Question 1

Three major Natriuretic peptides

Answer 1

ANP, BNP and CNP

Question 2

Main site of BNP release

Answer 2

Ventricles of the heart

Question 3

What causes ANP and BNP release

Answer 3

Stretch of the atria and ventricles respectively

Question 4

How do CHF patients present

Answer 4

Dyspnea, cardiomegaly, fatigue and adema in the lower extremities

Question 5

Significance of BNP testing

Answer 5

Diagnosing CHF

Question 6

Normal BNP value

Answer 6

Less than 100 pg/mL

Question 7

Reasons for increased BNP

Answer 7

CHF and MI

Question 8

What can throw off BNP

Answer 8

Renal issues

Question 9

Isoenzymes of CK

Answer 9

CK-MM, CK-BB and CK-MB

Question 10

Where is CK-MM found

Answer 10

Skeletal Muscle. 94-99%

Question 11

Where is CK-BB found

Answer 11

Brain

Question 12

Normal CK level

Answer 12

50-200 U/L

Question 13

Where is CK-MB found

Answer 13

Heart

Question 14

Who tends to have a higher base line CK level

Answer 14

African Americans

Question 15

Reasons for increased total CK

Answer 15

Strenuous exercise, Recent surgery, Rhabdomyolusis, Myositis, trama

Question 16

What is the gold standard test for MI

Answer 16

Troponin

Question 17

Reasons for increased total CK

Answer 17

Strenuous exercise, Recent surgery, Rhabdomyolusis, Myositis, trama

Question 18

Subtypes of Troponin

Answer 18

I, T and C

Question 19

Troponin subtypes used to diagnose MI

Answer 19

Troponin I and Troponin T

Question 20

Normal troponin I value

Answer 20

Less than .03 ng/mL

Question 21

Normal troponin T value

Answer 21

less than .1 ng/mL

Question 22

Causes of elevated troponin

Answer 22

Unstable angina, MI, CHF, myocarditis, severe pulmonary embolism

Question 23

When is Myoglobin released into serum

Answer 23

When there is skeletal or cardiac muscle damage

Question 24

Reasons for elevated Myoglobin

Answer 24

MI, Myositis, Skeletal muscle injury, seizures, muscular dystrophy, cocaine use, trauma

Question 25

When is LDH released into the blood

Answer 25

with tissue injury. Not a site specific test

Question 26

Which LDH isoform is more abundant during a myocardial injury

Answer 26

LDH-1

Question 27

Under normal situations which LDH isoform is more abundant

Answer 27

LDH-2

Question 28

Normal D-dimer value

Answer 28

Less than .4 mcg/mL

Question 29

Primary use of the D-Dimer test

Answer 29

Diagnosis of DVT or Pulmonary Embolism. Also used to monitor the efficacy and duration of thrombolytic therapy.

Question 30

Use of the CRP-HS test

Answer 30

Monitor patients for future CV events. Could be useful in assessing likelihood for future cardiac events

Question 31

Who is recommended for a lipid panel

Answer 31

Men age 35 and older (20-35 for people with increased risk) Women 45 and older (20-45 for people with increased risk)

Question 32

How often should diabetics have a lipid panel

Answer 32

Yearly

Question 33

When do you retest someone with normal values

Answer 33

every 5 years

Question 34

When do you retest a borderline patient

Answer 34

every 3 years

Question 35

Total cholesterol normal value

Answer 35

less than 200 mg/dL

Question 36

Normal Triglycerides

Answer 36

less than 150 mg/dL

Question 37

Borderline Triglycerides

Answer 37

150-199 mg/dL

Question 38

High triglygerides

Answer 38

200-499 mg/dL

Question 39

Acceptable level of HDL in men

Answer 39

above 40 mg/dL

Question 40

Desired level of HDL in men

Answer 40

above 60 mg/dL

Question 41

Acceptable level of HDL in women

Answer 41

above 50 mg/dL

Question 42

Desired level of HDL in women

Answer 42

above 60 mg/dL

Question 43

Friedewald formula

Answer 43

LDL= TC-(HDL+TG/5)

Question 44

Ideal LDL level

Answer 44

70-100 mg/dL

Question 45

borderline LDL level

Answer 45

130-159 mg/dL

Question 46

Large particle size LDL

Answer 46

Pattern A

Question 47

Small dense particle size

Answer 47

Pattern B (have an easier time penetrating the walls of the arteries)