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Clinical Science > Autoimmune disease > Flashcards

Autoimmune disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Medical specialty that deals with autoimmune disease

A

Rheumatology

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2
Q

Antibodies are formed against the Ach receptor which impairs muscle contraction

A

Myasthenia gravis

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3
Q

Non-specific test used as a marker for inflammation.

A

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) “sed rate”

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4
Q

Stacking of RBCs due to an increase in positive charge in the environment around them

A

Rouleaux

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5
Q

Normal ESR value

A

0-20 mm/hr

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6
Q

ESR action with microcytosis or anemia on ESR results

A

Increased

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7
Q

Polycythemia and abnormally shaped RBCs ESR results

A

Decreased

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8
Q

ESR rate that means infection is present

A

100 mm/hr or greater

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9
Q

Normal C reative protein (CRP) value

A

0-10 mg/dL

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10
Q

How does a C reactive protein (CRP) test move

A

elevates quickly after injury and decline when the problem is resolved.

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11
Q

Measures the presence of autoantibodies towards proteins that are specific to nucleic acids

A

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)

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12
Q

Key sign for Lupus

A

butterfly rash on the face.

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13
Q

Signs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

Fatigue, Weigh loss, Arthralgias, myalgias, Lymphadenopathy and Butterfly facial rash

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14
Q

ANA value meanings

A

1:40 is negative and 1:160 is strongly positive

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15
Q

Signs of Progressive systemic sclerosis

A

Scleroderma: Fatigue, Arthralgias, Myalgias, skin thickening and hardening, digital ulcers

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16
Q

Sjogren Syndrome

A

Diminished lacrimal and salivary gland function, dry eyes, mouth and vagina. Rhinitis and sinusitis.

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17
Q

Signs of Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

A

proximal skeletal muscle weakness, pulmonary disease, dysphagia, polyarthritis,

18
Q

Percentage of patients with a positive ANA that have Lupus

A

11-13%

19
Q

Percentage of people with a false positive ANA

A

15%

20
Q

Autoimmune disease that manifests with joint stiffness, pain, swelling and deformed MCP and PIP joints that is symmetrical

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

21
Q

Normal Rheumatoid factor

A

Less than 30 IU/mL

22
Q

Composition of rheumatoid factor

A

primarily IgM antibodies

23
Q

Normal TSH values

A

.5-5.0 uIU/mL

24
Q

Effects of T3 and T4

A

myocardial contractility and HR, Mental alertness, ventilatory drive, bone turnover and GI motility

25
Q

Primary Hypothyroidism

A

Defect in the thyroid gland. Most common

26
Q

Secondary Hypothyroidism

A

Decreased secretion of TSH from pituitary or decreased TRH from hypothalamus

27
Q

Autoimmune thyroiditis

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Most common cause

28
Q

Causes of secondary hypothyroidism

A

pituitary tumor, post-partum pituitary necrosis

29
Q

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A

Fatigue, dull mentation, dry skin, weight gain, bradycardia, constipation and cold intolerance

30
Q

TSH levels in primary hypothyroidism

A

High (greater than 5.0 uIU/mL)

31
Q

Vast majority of thyroid production

A

T4 (90%)

32
Q

Most metabolically active thyroid hormone

A

T3

33
Q

Which thyroid hormone stays level the longest in hypothyroidism

A

T3

34
Q

Milder hypothyroidism with similar symptoms. High normal or mildly elevated TSH with normal free T4

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

35
Q

Grave’s disease

A

Most common for of Hyperthyroidism

36
Q

Cause of Grave’s disease

A

development of antibodies that activate TSH receptors in the thyroid gland.

37
Q

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

A

(Tazmanian devil) Anxiety, tremors, palpitations, perspiration, heat intolerance, weight loss despite normal appetite and hyper-defecation.

38
Q

TSH level in hyperthyroidism

A

low

39
Q

Low TSH but normal free T3 and T4

A

Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

40
Q

Recommended screenings for thyroid disease

A

Every 5 years starting at age 35

Clinical Science (3 decks)

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