Cardiac system

Question 0

Coronary artery disease

Answer 0

Multiple areas with start of vessel disease (narrowing and strictures)
Treatment: stop smoking; increase exercise low-fat,high fiber diet

Question 1

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Answer 1

Ischemia (lack of blood) to area of heart causes tissue death

Treatment: bypass graft of around blockage or angioplasty with stent to keep coronary arteries open

Question 2

Angina

Answer 2

Ischemia during stress or exercise, unstable angina during rest
Treatment nitroglycerin, stop activity, stop smoking

Question 3

Arrhythmia

Answer 3

Irregular heartbeat

Treatment: medication, surgery, pacemaker cardio version

Question 4

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 4

Total cholesterol greater than 200 mg

Treatment: diet and medication

Question 5

Hypertension

Answer 5

Blood pressure elevated greater than 140/90

Treatment DASH diet, exercise, diet, medication, weight loss, stress reduction

Question 6

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer 6

Narrowing or occlusion of vessels in legs and feet

Treatment: bypass, graft or medication

Question 7

Thrombus

Answer 7

Blood clot

Treatment: prevent clot from moving until dissolved

Question 8

Theombophlebitis

Answer 8

Blood clot and inflammation of veins

Treatment: heparin, antibiotics, blood thinners, exercise, avoid immobility or constriction of veins

Question 9

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 9

Calcium and fibrous deposits inside vessels

Treatment aspirin or blood thinners or surgery

Question 10

Atherosclerosis

Answer 10

Fatty deposits inside blood vessels

Treatment: change to low fat, high fiber diet and increase exercise

Question 11

Murmurs

Answer 11

Valvular disorder

Treatment: valve replacement in serious cases

Question 12

Connective heart failure

Answer 12

Weak ventricle (either side) allows blood to flow back up.
Left side:SOB Frothy sputum, coughing
Right side: edema and cyanosis
Treatment: medications (LASIK and lanoxin

Question 13

Aneurysm

Answer 13

Bulging weak spot in vessel

Graft inserted into area and sutures above and below point

Question 14

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 14

Decreased number of platelets

Sx: bruising, easily bleeding

Question 15

Leukemia

Answer 15

Unrestrained growth in white blood cells

Sx. Pale, weak, low grade fever, malaise; weight loss

Question 16

Anemia

Answer 16

Not enough red blood cells

Sx. Shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, pale

Question 17

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 17

Not enough heme for oxygen to bind to on red blood cells

Sx. Shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, pale

Question 18

Pernicious anemia

Answer 18

Lack of intrinsic factor in gastric juice

Sx. Mental changes, weak, stuff extremities

Question 19

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 19

Abnormal hemoglobin: red blood cell changes into sickle shape and gets tangled up, causing blockage and pain
Sx.pain and swelling in pints is African American Children

Question 20

Polycythemia

Answer 20

Red blood cell count is elevated because of living in high altitude or genetics

Sx. Phlebotomy is done at regular intervals