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Clin Med III > Cardiac Surgical Procedures > Flashcards

Cardiac Surgical Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

how is a Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) performed?

A
  • catheter is threaded up to the are of the lesion or plaque
  • the balloon is inflated to compress the lesion against arterial wall
  • balloon can be inflated & deflated several times, as needed, to full compress the lesion
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2
Q

what is a PTCA used for?

A

moderate atherosclerosis in 1-2 arteries

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3
Q

how is a stent placement performed?

A
  • A PTCA is performed
  • the stent is around the tip of the PTCA catheter
  • once the lesion is compressed, the stent is put in place to maintain luminal diameter
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4
Q

what is a PCI?

A

an angioplasty and stent was performed

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5
Q

what are the precautions following PTCA and/or Stent?

A
  • if performed in femoral bed rest for the patient
  • if performed in radial not many restriction
  • once activity is initiated follow vitals & EKG closely and watch for signs of intolerance to activity
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6
Q

how is a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) performed?

A

graft artery is harvested and then attached above & below the area of atherosclerosis

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7
Q

what does a CABG allow?

A

allows free blood through to the areas of the heart through the coronary arteries

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8
Q

what is a CABG used with?

A

moderate or severe CAD in one or more vessels

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9
Q

where can the grafts used for CABG come from?

A
  • LIMA (left internal mammillary artery)
  • Saphenous vein
  • Radial artery
  • occasionally RIMA (right internal mammillary artery)
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10
Q

for best long-term results where should the graft be harvested from for a CABG?

A

LIMA when possible for best long-term results secondary to resistance to graft stenosis

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11
Q

what are the precautions following CABG the day after surgery?

A

bedrest

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12
Q

what are the precautions on Day 1 after surgery and each day after following a CABG?

A
  • follow any UE restrictions imposed by the surgeon
  • follow any activity restrictions due to lines or monitoring equipment
  • follow vitals & EKG closely
  • watch for signs of intolerance to activity
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13
Q

why may a patient undergo an electrophysiologic ablation?

A

patient with an arrhythmia may undergo EP study to see if a specific spot of the heart is initiating the arrhythmia

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14
Q

what is done if one spot is found when performing an electrophysiologic ablation?

A
  • do an ablation to cauterize tissue and the hope is to stop electrical current getting through which stops arrhythmia
  • without active tissue at that spot the arrhythmia should be eliminated
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15
Q

what is an atrial or ventricular septal defect repair?

A
  • correction of or closing a defect between the atriums, ventricles, or both
  • defect is usually congenital, but may be from tumor
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16
Q

what valve is usually replaced?

A
  • usually the aortic or mitral valve
  • can be tricuspid or pulmonary valves
17
Q

a valve replacement may be due to what?

A

insufficiency or stenosis

18
Q

what may be used for a valve replacement?

A

artificial valve (metal) or a natural valve (from a pig)

19
Q

what are the precautions following septum repair or valve replacement?

A
  • bedrest the of surgery
  • day 1 after surgery and each day after:
  • follow any UE restrictions imposed by the surgeon
  • follow any activity restrictions due to lines or monitoring equipment
  • follow vitals & EKG closely
  • watch for signs of intolerance to activity
20
Q

when is a heart transplant given to patients?

A

given to patients with progressive, terminal, cardiovascular disease

21
Q

what are the 2 types of heart transplants?

A
  • orthotropic transplant (more common)
  • heterotypic transplant
22
Q

how is an orthotopic transplant performed?

A
  • original heart is removed and the donor heart replaced it
  • part of the original heart’s bilateral atria are left
  • the donor heart is grafted right atrium to right atrium and left atrium to left atrium
23
Q

how is a heterotypic transplant performed?

A
  • original heart is left in place and the transplanted heart is placed on the opposite side of the chest and attached to the original
  • it is attached to atria and ventricle to ventricle
24
Q

what are the precautions following transplant?

A
  • bedrest the day of surgery
  • check with your specific facility for further precautions
25
Q

what are the precautions following a transplant once activity is initiated?

A
  • follow any UE restrictions imposed by the surgeon
  • follow any activity restrictions due to lines or monitoring equipment
  • follow any restrictions regarding exposure to other patients
  • follow vitals & EKG closely
  • watch for signs of intolerance to activity

Clin Med III (5 decks)

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