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SUR 134 - Surgical Procedures II > Cardiac Surgery > Flashcards

Cardiac Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

SAC-LIKE DILATION AND THINNING OF AN ARTERY WALL THAT CAN LEAD TO RUPTURE OF THE VESSEL

A

ANEURYSM

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2
Q

PAIN IN THE CHEST DUE TO DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO THE MYOCARDIUM

A

ANGINA PECTORIS

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3
Q

ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN THE ABDOMEN

A

ASCITES

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4
Q

BRANCHING OR FORKING INTO TWO

A

BIFURCATION

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5
Q

SYMPTOMS OF ARTERIAL OBSTRUCTION - PALLOR, PAIN ON EXERCISE, AND COOLNESS

A

CLAUDICATION

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6
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL FORMATION OF ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS AROUND OCCLUDED VESSELS

A

COLLATERAL CIRCULATION

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7
Q

BLUISH DISCOLORATION DUE TO OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

A

CYANOSIS

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8
Q

USE OF ELECTRICAL, CHEMICAL, OR PHYSICAL MEANS TO STOP THE IRREGULAR, QUIVER-LIKE BEATING OF A HEART

A

DEFIBRILLATION

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9
Q

DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING

A

DYSPNEA

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10
Q

MASS OF UNDISSOLVED MATTER CARRIED IN THE BLOODSTREAM

A

EMBOLISM

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11
Q

OUTSIDE THE BODY

A

EXTRACORPREAL

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12
Q

RAPID, INEFFECTIVE HEARTBEAT

A

FIBRILLATION

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13
Q

REDUCED BLOOD SUPPLY TO TISSUE RESULTING IN INSUFFICIENT OXYGENAION OF THAAT TISSUE

A

ISCHEMIA

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14
Q

BUILDUP OF CELLULAR DEBRIS ON THE LINING OF THE ARTERY (TUMICA INTIMA)

A

PLAQUE

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15
Q

AIR IN THE CHEST; MAY OCCUR FROM A BLED (BLISTER) THAT RUPTURES

A

PNEUMOTHORAX

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16
Q

ABNORMAL NARROWING

A

STENOSIS

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17
Q

ABNORMAL HEART RHYTHM (PVC)

A

PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

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18
Q

FORMATION OF A CLOT

A

THROMBOSIS

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19
Q

PACEMAKER OF THE HEART

A

SA NODE

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20
Q

PORTION OF THE HEART THAT RECEIVES UNOXYGENATED BLOOD

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

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21
Q

RESPONSIBLE FOR PUMPING BLOOD INTO THE PULMONARY ARTERY

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

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22
Q

RESPONSIBLE FOR PUMPING BLOOD INTO THE AORTA

A

LEFT VENTRICLE

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23
Q

CORNARY ARTERIES ARISEW FROM THE:

A

AORTA

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24
Q

VALVE BETWEEN THE LEFT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE

A

MITRAL OR BICUSPID

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25
Q

VALVE BETWEEN THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE

A

TRICUSPID

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26
Q

STRUCTURE ATTACHED TO THE VAVVULAR CUSPS AND PREVENTS VALVES FROM SWINGING BACK INTO THE ATRIA

A

CHORDAE TENDINEA

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27
Q

NUMBER OF PULMARY VEINS

A

4

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28
Q

MOST COMMON INCISION USED FOR CARDIAC SURGERY

A

MEDIAN STERNOTOMY

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29
Q

THE HEART LIES:

A

SLIGHTLY TO THE LEFT WITHIN THE MEDIASTINUM

30
Q

HEART IS SURROUNDED BY:

A

PERICARDIUM

31
Q

CONTRACTION PHASE OF THE HEART

A

SYSTOLE

32
Q

DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLOWING THE HEART RATE

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

33
Q

TYPE OF ARRHYTHMIA THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY CONTRACTION OF A VENTRICLE BEFORE IT IS EXPECTED IN A NORMAL SERIES OF CARDIAC CYCLES

A

PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS (PVC)

34
Q

ABNORNAL OPENING IN THE WALL BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES OF THE HEART

A

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)

35
Q

TECHNIQUE THAT PROTECTS THE HEART FROM DAMAGE DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

A

HYPOTHERMIA

36
Q

MECHANICAL DEVICE DESIGNED FOR CIRCULATORY SUPPORT AFTER CARDIAC PROCEDURE; ALSO USED WHEN PATIENTS CANNOT BE WEANED OFF BYPASS MACHINE

A

INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP

37
Q

WHICH PORTION OF THE HEART IS THE CANNULA PLACED TO ACHIEVE VENOUS CANNULATION FOR CARDIOPULMARY BYPASS

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

38
Q

COMMUNICATING ARTERY BETWEEN THE PULMONARY ARTERY AND THE AORTA, ESSENTIAL IN THE FETUS, REMAINS OPEN, SHUNTING BLOOD AWAY FROM THE LUNGS

A

PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)

39
Q

OPENING IN THE SEPTUM BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIA

A

ARTIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD)

40
Q

OPENING IN THE SEPTUM BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES

A

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)

41
Q

CONSTRICTION OF THE AORTIC ARCH BY THE LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM, A FETAL REMNANT OF THE BYPASS FROM THE PULMONARY ARTERY TO THE AORTA (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS)

A

COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

42
Q

CONSIST OF 4 STRUCTURE DEFECTS OF THE HEART - PULMONARY STENOSIS, VSD, OVERRIDING AORTA, AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; MOST COMMON CYANOTIC CONGENITAL CARDIAC ANAOMALY

A

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT (BLUE BABY)

43
Q

PULMONARY ARTERY ARISES FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND THE AORTA ARISES FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICLE, RESULTING IN CYANOSIS

A

TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT VESSELS

44
Q

HEPARIN ANATAGONIST

A

PROTAMINE SULFATE

45
Q

MEDICATION TO INCREASE THE FORCE OF THE HEART CONTRACTION

A

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

46
Q

MEDICATION GIVEN FOR DIURESIS

A

FUROSEMIDE (LASIX) AND MANNITOL

47
Q

MEDICATION TO STRENGTHEN THE HEARTBEAT

A

EPINEPHRINE

48
Q

MEDICATION TO TREAT VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AND PREVENT VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

A

LIDOCAINE (XYLOCAINE)

49
Q

MEDICATION TO PREVENT VASOSPASSM

A

PAPAVERINE

50
Q

MEDICAITON TO LOWER BLOOD PRESSUE BY RELAXING SMOOTH MUSCLES

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE (NIPRIDE)

51
Q

BUFFER FOR METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

A

SODIUM BICARBONATE

52
Q

ANTICOAGULANT GIVEN IV BEFORE VASCULAR SYSTEM IS OPENINED; USED AS A SOLUTION FOR FLUSHING VESSELS, USUALLY 5000UNITS IN 500ML OF NORMAL SALINE

A

HEPARIN

53
Q

REVASCULARIZATION OF CORONARY ARTERIES TO IMPROVE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE MYOCARDIUM; 2 COMMON CONDUITS INCLUDE INTERNAL MAMMARY AND GREATER SAPHENOUS

A

CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG)

54
Q

3 TISSUE LAYERS THAT MAKE UP THE HEART WALL

A

EPICARDIUM (OUTER); MYOCARDIUM (MIDDLE); ENDOCARDOUM (INNER)

55
Q

INTENTIONAL STOPPAGE OF ALL CARDIAC ACTIVITY DURING CARDIAC SURGERY

A

CARDIOPLEGIA

56
Q

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY PROCEDURE THAT INVOLVES THE INSERTION OF A CATHETER INOT THE HEART CHAMBERS AND LARGE VESSELS VIA A PERIPHERAL ARTERY OR VEIN

A

CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION

57
Q

SLOW HEART RATE USUALLY UNDER 60 BPM

A

BRADYCARDIA

58
Q

FAST HEART RATE USUALLY OVER 120 BPM

A

TACHYCARDIA

59
Q

THE PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE WHEN THE HEART MUSCLES RELAXES TO ALLOW THE CHAMBERS TO FILL WITH BLOOD

A

DIASTOLE

60
Q

WHEN EXCESS FLUID BUILDS UP IN THE PERICARDICAL SAC AROUND THE HEART

A

PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

61
Q

THE MOST COMMON VALVULAR HEART DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY NARROWING OF THE MITRAL VALVE ORIFICE

A

MITRAL STENOSIS

62
Q

NAME THE 2 SEMILUNAR VAVLES

A

PULMONIC AND AORTIC VALVES

63
Q

DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY THE BUILDUP OF CHOLESTEROL DEPOSITS IN TEH ARTERIAL LINING

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

64
Q

MINIMALLY INVASIVE STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE TREATMENT TO OPEN A NARROWED HEART VALVE

A

VALVOTOMY (ALSO CALLED VAVULOPLASTY)

65
Q

MEDICATION USED TO RESTORE AND MAINTAIN BLOOD PRESSUE FOLLWOING PERIPHERAL VASCULAR COLLAPSE

A

LEVOPHED (NOREPINEPHRINE)

66
Q

DISEASE THAT AFFECTS THE MITRAL VALVE

A

RHEUMATIC FEVER

67
Q

EXCESSIVE FLUID BUILDUP IN TEH PERCARDIAL SAC CAUSING COMPRESSION ON THE HEART

A

CARDIAC TAMPONADE

68
Q

TREATEMENT OF CHOICE FOR PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

A

SUTURE LIGATION OF THE DUCT

69
Q

REMOVAL OF A SEGMENT OF PERICARDIUM, PERMITTING PERICARDIAL FLUID TO DRAIN INTO THE PLEURAL SPACE FOR TREATMENT OF CARDIAC TAMPONADE

A

PERICARDECTOMY

70
Q

X-RAY OR FLUOROSCOPY OF ARTERIES FOLLOWING INJECTION OF CANTRAST MEDIA

A

ARTERIOGRAMS

SUR 134 - Surgical Procedures II (5 decks)

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