Cardiac Surgery Flashcards
SAC-LIKE DILATION AND THINNING OF AN ARTERY WALL THAT CAN LEAD TO RUPTURE OF THE VESSEL
ANEURYSM
PAIN IN THE CHEST DUE TO DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO THE MYOCARDIUM
ANGINA PECTORIS
ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN THE ABDOMEN
ASCITES
BRANCHING OR FORKING INTO TWO
BIFURCATION
SYMPTOMS OF ARTERIAL OBSTRUCTION - PALLOR, PAIN ON EXERCISE, AND COOLNESS
CLAUDICATION
PHYSIOLOGICAL FORMATION OF ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS AROUND OCCLUDED VESSELS
COLLATERAL CIRCULATION
BLUISH DISCOLORATION DUE TO OXYGEN DEFICIENCY
CYANOSIS
USE OF ELECTRICAL, CHEMICAL, OR PHYSICAL MEANS TO STOP THE IRREGULAR, QUIVER-LIKE BEATING OF A HEART
DEFIBRILLATION
DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING
DYSPNEA
MASS OF UNDISSOLVED MATTER CARRIED IN THE BLOODSTREAM
EMBOLISM
OUTSIDE THE BODY
EXTRACORPREAL
RAPID, INEFFECTIVE HEARTBEAT
FIBRILLATION
REDUCED BLOOD SUPPLY TO TISSUE RESULTING IN INSUFFICIENT OXYGENAION OF THAAT TISSUE
ISCHEMIA
BUILDUP OF CELLULAR DEBRIS ON THE LINING OF THE ARTERY (TUMICA INTIMA)
PLAQUE
AIR IN THE CHEST; MAY OCCUR FROM A BLED (BLISTER) THAT RUPTURES
PNEUMOTHORAX
ABNORMAL NARROWING
STENOSIS
ABNORMAL HEART RHYTHM (PVC)
PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
FORMATION OF A CLOT
THROMBOSIS
PACEMAKER OF THE HEART
SA NODE
PORTION OF THE HEART THAT RECEIVES UNOXYGENATED BLOOD
RIGHT ATRIUM
RESPONSIBLE FOR PUMPING BLOOD INTO THE PULMONARY ARTERY
RIGHT VENTRICLE
RESPONSIBLE FOR PUMPING BLOOD INTO THE AORTA
LEFT VENTRICLE
CORNARY ARTERIES ARISEW FROM THE:
AORTA
VALVE BETWEEN THE LEFT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE
MITRAL OR BICUSPID
VALVE BETWEEN THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE
TRICUSPID
STRUCTURE ATTACHED TO THE VAVVULAR CUSPS AND PREVENTS VALVES FROM SWINGING BACK INTO THE ATRIA
CHORDAE TENDINEA
NUMBER OF PULMARY VEINS
4
MOST COMMON INCISION USED FOR CARDIAC SURGERY
MEDIAN STERNOTOMY
THE HEART LIES:
SLIGHTLY TO THE LEFT WITHIN THE MEDIASTINUM
HEART IS SURROUNDED BY:
PERICARDIUM
CONTRACTION PHASE OF THE HEART
SYSTOLE
DIVISION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLOWING THE HEART RATE
PARASYMPATHETIC
TYPE OF ARRHYTHMIA THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY CONTRACTION OF A VENTRICLE BEFORE IT IS EXPECTED IN A NORMAL SERIES OF CARDIAC CYCLES
PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS (PVC)
ABNORNAL OPENING IN THE WALL BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES OF THE HEART
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)
TECHNIQUE THAT PROTECTS THE HEART FROM DAMAGE DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
HYPOTHERMIA
MECHANICAL DEVICE DESIGNED FOR CIRCULATORY SUPPORT AFTER CARDIAC PROCEDURE; ALSO USED WHEN PATIENTS CANNOT BE WEANED OFF BYPASS MACHINE
INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP
WHICH PORTION OF THE HEART IS THE CANNULA PLACED TO ACHIEVE VENOUS CANNULATION FOR CARDIOPULMARY BYPASS
RIGHT ATRIUM
COMMUNICATING ARTERY BETWEEN THE PULMONARY ARTERY AND THE AORTA, ESSENTIAL IN THE FETUS, REMAINS OPEN, SHUNTING BLOOD AWAY FROM THE LUNGS
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)
OPENING IN THE SEPTUM BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIA
ARTIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD)
OPENING IN THE SEPTUM BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)
CONSTRICTION OF THE AORTIC ARCH BY THE LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM, A FETAL REMNANT OF THE BYPASS FROM THE PULMONARY ARTERY TO THE AORTA (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS)
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
CONSIST OF 4 STRUCTURE DEFECTS OF THE HEART - PULMONARY STENOSIS, VSD, OVERRIDING AORTA, AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; MOST COMMON CYANOTIC CONGENITAL CARDIAC ANAOMALY
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT (BLUE BABY)
PULMONARY ARTERY ARISES FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND THE AORTA ARISES FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICLE, RESULTING IN CYANOSIS
TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT VESSELS
HEPARIN ANATAGONIST
PROTAMINE SULFATE
MEDICATION TO INCREASE THE FORCE OF THE HEART CONTRACTION
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
MEDICATION GIVEN FOR DIURESIS
FUROSEMIDE (LASIX) AND MANNITOL
MEDICATION TO STRENGTHEN THE HEARTBEAT
EPINEPHRINE
MEDICATION TO TREAT VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AND PREVENT VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
LIDOCAINE (XYLOCAINE)
MEDICATION TO PREVENT VASOSPASSM
PAPAVERINE
MEDICAITON TO LOWER BLOOD PRESSUE BY RELAXING SMOOTH MUSCLES
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE (NIPRIDE)
BUFFER FOR METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
SODIUM BICARBONATE
ANTICOAGULANT GIVEN IV BEFORE VASCULAR SYSTEM IS OPENINED; USED AS A SOLUTION FOR FLUSHING VESSELS, USUALLY 5000UNITS IN 500ML OF NORMAL SALINE
HEPARIN
REVASCULARIZATION OF CORONARY ARTERIES TO IMPROVE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE MYOCARDIUM; 2 COMMON CONDUITS INCLUDE INTERNAL MAMMARY AND GREATER SAPHENOUS
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG)
3 TISSUE LAYERS THAT MAKE UP THE HEART WALL
EPICARDIUM (OUTER); MYOCARDIUM (MIDDLE); ENDOCARDOUM (INNER)
INTENTIONAL STOPPAGE OF ALL CARDIAC ACTIVITY DURING CARDIAC SURGERY
CARDIOPLEGIA
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY PROCEDURE THAT INVOLVES THE INSERTION OF A CATHETER INOT THE HEART CHAMBERS AND LARGE VESSELS VIA A PERIPHERAL ARTERY OR VEIN
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
SLOW HEART RATE USUALLY UNDER 60 BPM
BRADYCARDIA
FAST HEART RATE USUALLY OVER 120 BPM
TACHYCARDIA
THE PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE WHEN THE HEART MUSCLES RELAXES TO ALLOW THE CHAMBERS TO FILL WITH BLOOD
DIASTOLE
WHEN EXCESS FLUID BUILDS UP IN THE PERICARDICAL SAC AROUND THE HEART
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
THE MOST COMMON VALVULAR HEART DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY NARROWING OF THE MITRAL VALVE ORIFICE
MITRAL STENOSIS
NAME THE 2 SEMILUNAR VAVLES
PULMONIC AND AORTIC VALVES
DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY THE BUILDUP OF CHOLESTEROL DEPOSITS IN TEH ARTERIAL LINING
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
MINIMALLY INVASIVE STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE TREATMENT TO OPEN A NARROWED HEART VALVE
VALVOTOMY (ALSO CALLED VAVULOPLASTY)
MEDICATION USED TO RESTORE AND MAINTAIN BLOOD PRESSUE FOLLWOING PERIPHERAL VASCULAR COLLAPSE
LEVOPHED (NOREPINEPHRINE)
DISEASE THAT AFFECTS THE MITRAL VALVE
RHEUMATIC FEVER
EXCESSIVE FLUID BUILDUP IN TEH PERCARDIAL SAC CAUSING COMPRESSION ON THE HEART
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
TREATEMENT OF CHOICE FOR PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
SUTURE LIGATION OF THE DUCT
REMOVAL OF A SEGMENT OF PERICARDIUM, PERMITTING PERICARDIAL FLUID TO DRAIN INTO THE PLEURAL SPACE FOR TREATMENT OF CARDIAC TAMPONADE
PERICARDECTOMY
X-RAY OR FLUOROSCOPY OF ARTERIES FOLLOWING INJECTION OF CANTRAST MEDIA
ARTERIOGRAMS