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2. CARDIAC > CARDIAC Section 7: NON-Ischemic Heart > Flashcards

CARDIAC Section 7: NON-Ischemic Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilatation with an end diastolic diameter of >55mm,
+ Decreased Ejection Fraction

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2
Q

Give the causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic
Ischemic
Other random crap (alcohol, Doxorubicn, Cyclosporine, Chagas, etc..)

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3
Q

What does the ischemic variety of Dilated Cardiomyopathy show?

A

Subendocardial enhancement

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4
Q

What does the Idiopathic variety of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Show?

A

either no enhancement
OR linear mid-myocardial enhancement.

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5
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy is often associated with mitral regurgitation due to?

A

Dilatation of the mitral ring

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6
Q

What are the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Myocardium replaced by Fibtrotic tissue (Endocardial Fibroelastosis)
  2. Infiltration of the myocardium (Amyloidosis)
  3. Damage by iron (Hemochromatosis)
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7
Q

This is basically anything that causes a decrease in diastolic function (inability to “fill”)-

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

Myocardium replaced by Fibrotic tissue

A

Endocardial fibroelastosis

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9
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy - damaged by iron

A

Hemochromatosis

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

A

Amyloidosis

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11
Q

What does amyloid deposits in the myocardium do?

A
  1. Abdormal diastolic function
  2. with biatrial enlargement
  3. Coincentric thickening of the left ventricle
  4. Reduced diastolic function of usually both ventricles.
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12
Q

Cardiac amyloidosis is seen _% of systemic amyloidosis

A

50%

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13
Q

Whats the prognosis of Cardiac amyloidosis

A

TERRIBLE!

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14
Q

What can you see in the late Gd enhancement in Amyloidosis?

A

Gd enhancement over the entire subendocardial circumference.

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15
Q

What diseases is Amyloidosis associated?

A

Mulitple Myeloma
RA
Crohn’s

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16
Q

What is teh Amyloid CLASSIC scenario?

A

A long TI is needed (like 350 milliseconds, normal would be like 200). TI will be so long that the blood pool may be darker than the myocardium.

17
Q

Buzzword “Difficult to suppress myocardium”

A

Amyloid

18
Q

Buzzword: “Abnormal urinary light chains (AL)

A

Amyloid

19
Q

“BILATERAL VENTRICULAR THROMBUS”

A

Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy (Loeffler -Loeffler’s syndrome: A type of eosinophilic pneumonia mimicking community-acquired pneumonia and asthma that arises from Ascaris lumbricoides in a child.)

20
Q

What is needed to show the thrombus is Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy?

A

Long T1

21
Q

What is the most common cause of Constrictive Pericarditis?

A

FIrst world: Iatrogenic Secondary to CABG/Viral 0

Developing countries: TB

22
Q

Diagnosis?

Describe

A

Thickened pericardium (>0.4 cm)

23
Q

Constrictive pericarditis is definitive on what CT findings?

A

Thick and Calcified pericardium

24
Q

Where is the Constrictive Pericarditis calcification usually the largest?

A

Over the AV groove

25
Q

What is “Sigmoidization on Constrictive Pericardium and where is it seen?

A

The ventricular septum moves toward the left ventricle in a wavy pattern during early diastole (“Diastolic Bounce”). - MOre pronounced during inspiration - indicating ventricular interdependence

seen in SFFP (Steady-state free precession MRI)

26
Q

Classic finding of Constrictive Pericarditis on CXR or CT =

A

Pericardial calcifications

27
Q

Classic finding of Constrictive Pericarditis on MRI =

A

Diastolic bounce on CINE imaging

28
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Abnormal Late Gd Myocardial Enhancement is seen on Constrictive Disease

A

FALSE

No Abnormal Late Gd Myocardial Enhancement on Constrictive Disease

29
Q

What type of pattern of enhancement is seen in Myocarditis?

A

Epicardial or Mid wall

30
Q

Cardiac involvment is seen in __% of Sacriodosis patients?

A

5%

31
Q

Describe Cardiac Sacroidosis

A

Late
Gd pattern may be middle and epicardial in a non-coronary distribution.

Focal wall thickening from edema can mimic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
It often involves the septum.
The RV and papillaries are RARELY affected.

32
Q

Identify

A

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

33
Q

A condition with Chest pain and EKG changes seen in post menopausal women after they either break up with their boyfriend , win the lottery, or some other stressful event

A

Takotsubo CArdiomyopathy

34
Q

Buzzword for Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy?

A

BAllooning of the left ventricle apex.

35
Q

Describe Takostubo CArdiomyopathy

A

There is transient akinesia or dyskinesia of the left ventricular apex without coronary stenosis.

36
Q

TRUE/FALSE: There is delayed enhancement in TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHI

A

FALSE

2. CARDIAC (13 decks)

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