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pharma > cardiac-renal > Flashcards

cardiac-renal Flashcards

1
Q

lower BP by decreasing volume

A

Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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2
Q

Inhibit NA/CL transporter in distal convoluted tubule

A

Thiazide Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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3
Q

for mild to moderate hypertension(first line), Heart falure, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidius, Renal calcium stones

A

Thiazide Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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4
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

HCTZ, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide (TOPNOTCH)

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5
Q

hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, sulfa allergy, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia

A

HCTZ, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide (TOPNOTCH)

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6
Q

Inhibit NA/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

A

Loop Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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7
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Furosemide, Torsemide, Bumetanide, Ethacynic Acid (TOPNOTCH)

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8
Q

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, Potassium wasting, ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, nephrotoxicity, dehydration, hypomagnesemia,sulfa allergy, hypocalcemia

A

Loop Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

activates a2 adrenergic receptors ; for hypertensive urgency

A

Clonidine (TOPNOTCH)

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10
Q

activates a2 adrenergic receptors, for pre eclampsia

A

Methyldopa (TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

Taper use prior to discontinuation to avoid rebound hypertension ; readily enter the CNS

A

Clonidine (TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

Irreversibly blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter(VMAT)

A

Reserpine (TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

Block release of NE from the pre-synaptic neuron

A

Guanethidine, Guanadrel (TOPNOTCH)

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14
Q

alpha-1 blocker which is most selective for prostatic smooth muscle

A

Tamsulosin (TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

Disadvantage of Prazosin compared to other alpha-1 blockers

A

short DOA (TOPNOTCH)

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16
Q

Release NO from endothelial cells, Relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasolidation. Decreases afterload ; for pre-eclampsia, hypertension, heart failure

A

Hydralazine (TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

drug induced lupus (hydralazine), reflex tachycardia

A

Hydralazine (TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation and vasolidation

A

Minoxidil, Diazoxide (TOPNOTCH)

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19
Q

for alopecia / male pattern baldness, hypertension

A

Minoxidil (TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

Constipation, Nausea, flushing,gingival hyperplasia, AV block, sinus node depression, Pretibial edema, dizziness

A

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker: Verapamil, Diltiazem (TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

block voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (vascular > cardiac); for Angina, hypertension

A

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker: Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Nicardipine, Nisoldipine, Isradipine, Felodipine (TOPNOTCH)

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22
Q

relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle

A

Nitroprusside (TOPNOTCH)

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23
Q

for acute heart failure, controlled hypotension, cardiogenic shock, hypertensive emergency

A

Nitroprusside (TOPNOTCH)

24
Q

a thiazide derivative without a diuretic effect ; also induces insulin release (can be used to treat hypoglycemia in insulin-producing tumors)

A

Diazoxide (TOPNOTCH)

25
Q

causes arteriolar vasolidation of the afferent and efferent arterioles

A

Fenoldopam (TOPNOTCH)

26
Q

inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme ; for hypertension, heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors: Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Benazepril (TOPNOTCH)

27
Q

slows down the progression of DM nephropathy and cardiac remodelling in heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors: Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Benazepril (TOPNOTCH)

28
Q

competetively blocks Angiotensin 1 receptor site ; for hypertension

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker: Losartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan, Candesartan (TOPNOTCH)

29
Q

inhibitor of renin’s action on its substrate angiotensinogen

A

Aliskerin (TOPNOTCH)

30
Q

releases nitric oxide(NO), relaxes smooth muscle, especially vascular, increases Cgmp (cyclic guanosine monophosphate); for cyanide poisoning

A

Amyl Nitrite (TOPNOTCH)

31
Q

releases nitric oxide (NO), increases Cgmp (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) and relaxes smooth muscle especially vascular; for Angina, acute coronary syndromes

A

Nitroglycerin, Isosobide Dinitrate, Isosobide Mononitrate (TOPNOTCH)

32
Q

Dangerous hypotension with PDE inhibitors

A

Nitroglycerin, Isosobide Dinitrate, Isosobide Mononitrate (TOPNOTCH)

33
Q

block voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (cardiac > vascular); for Angina, Supraventricular tachycardia, migraine, hypertension

A

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker: Verapamil, Diltiazem (TOPNOTCH)

34
Q

inhibits Na/K ATPase; increases intracellular Ca, increasing cardiac contractility; for heart failure, Nodal arrythmias

A

Digoxin (TOPNOTCH)

35
Q

Arrythmogenesis increased hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia

A

Digoxin (TOPNOTCH)

36
Q

Hyperkalemia exacerbates cardiac toxicity

A

Class 1 Antiarryhtmics (TOPNOTCH)

37
Q

Prolong AP duration

A

Class 1A: Procainamide, Disopyramide, Quinidine (TOPNOTCH)

38
Q

Shorten AP Duration

A

Class 1B: Lidocaine, Mexiletene, Tocainide, Phenytoin (TOPNOTCH)

39
Q

No effect on AP Duration

A

Class 1C: Flecainide, Propafenone, Encainide, Moricizine (TOPNOTCH)

40
Q

Group with the greatest risk for TDP

A

Class 3 Arryhytmics (TOPNOTCH)

41
Q

for Post MI prophylaxis against sudden death, thyrotoxicosis, acute perioperative and thyrotoxic arrythmias, Supraventricular tachycardia

A

Class 2: Propranolol, Esmolol (TOPNOTCH)

42
Q

has Class 1, 2 3 and 4 activity therefore is the MOST EFFICACIOUS of all anti-arrhythmics

A

Amiodarone (TOPNOTCH)

43
Q

DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

A

Adenosine (TOPNOTCH)

44
Q

for glaucoma, diuresis for edema with alkalosis.

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (TOPNOTCH)

45
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Methaolamide (TOPNOTCH)

46
Q

Efficacy decreasedby NSAIDs

A

Loop Diuretic, Thiazide Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

47
Q

For hypertension Hypercalciuria, Heart failure, Nephrogenic diabetes insipidius, renal calcium stones

A

Thiazide Diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone (TOPNOTCH)

48
Q

Cause powerful diuresis and increased Ca excretion

A

Loop Diuretic: Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide (TOPNOTCH)

49
Q

Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in cortical collecting ducts. Reduce K excretion;

A

Spironolactone, Eplerenone(Aldosterone Antagonist) (TOPNOTCH)

50
Q

Inhibitor of ENaC (Epithelial sodium channels) in cortical collecting duct, reduces Na reabsorption and K excretion; for hypokalemia

A

Amiloride, Triamterene (TOPNOTCH)

51
Q

reduces progression of DM nephropathy and reduces mortality post MI

A

Eplerenone (TOPNOTCH)

52
Q

Osmotic Diuretics

A

Mannitol, Glycerin, Isosorbide, Urea (TOPNOTCH)

53
Q

Transient volume expansion (hyponatremia, pulmonary edema; followed by hypernatremia) nausea, headache, dehydration, vomiting

A

Osmotic Diuretics SE (TOPNOTCH)

54
Q

Agonists at V1 and v2 ADH receptors. Activate insertion of aquaporin water channels in collecting tubule.

A

Antidiuretic hormone, Desmopressin (TOPNOTCH)

55
Q

Antagonist at V1a, V2 receptors; for SIADH and Hyponatremia

A

Conivaptan, Tolvaptan, Lixivaptan (TOPNOTCH)

pharma (8 decks)

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