Cardiac Output and Blood Flow in Muscle tissues

Question 1

What is standard at rest cardiac output?

3 L/min
5 L/min
10 L/min
2 L/min

Answer 1

5 L/min

Question 2

What is cardiac index?

Answer 2

Cardiac output per square meter of body surface

Question 3

What affect does age have on cardiac index?

• no effect
• increases it
• decreases it
• increases in early life then decreases in later life

Answer 3

increases in early life then decreases in later life

Question 4

What is the relationship between cardiac out/cardiac index and oxygen consumption?

1. directly proportional
2. inversely proportional
3. no relationship
4. indirectly proportional

Answer 4

1. directly proportional

Question 5

What is the Fick Principle of blood flow used to calculate?

Answer 5

Blood flow through an organ

Question 6

What is the fick principle of blood flow equation?

Answer 6

Cardiac Output = (O2 consumption) / (Concentration of O2 pul vein - Concentration of O2 in pul art)

Question 7

What is the determining factor that controls how much blood the heart pumps out?

Answer 7

it is the amount of blood returning to the heart that determines how much blood the heart pumps out

Question 8

What are the two pumps and the two circuits that make up the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

Pumps: ventricles
circuits: pulmonary and systemic circuits

Question 9

What is the Bainbridge Reflex?

Answer 9

atrial stretch reflex

Question 10

What does the bainbridge reflex respond to?

Answer 10

changes in blood volume as detected by stretch receptors in the right atrium

Question 11

What do both bainbridge reflex and the baroreceptor reflex control?

Answer 11

heart rate

Question 12

How is cardiac output related to peripheral resistance?

• Inversely proportional
• directly proportional
• no relationship

Answer 12

inversely proportional

Question 13

What are five non-cardiac factors that decrease cardiac output?

Answer 13

1. decreased blood volume
2. acute venous dilation
3. obstruction of large veins
4. decreased tissue mass
5. decreased metabolic rate of tissues

Question 14

What is the pressure gradient for venous return equal to?

Answer 14

The difference between the mean systemic filling pressure and the right atrial pressure

Question 15

What is the equation for venous return?

Answer 15

venous return= (mean systemic filling pressure - right atrial pressure) / (resistance to venous return)

Question 16

What is the definition of cardiac output?

Answer 16

Quantity of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart