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Cardiopulm > Cardiac Meds > Flashcards

Cardiac Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Lidocaine

A

Sodium Channel Blocker
Acute PVCs and ventricular arrhythmias with an MI
Dizziness, CNS disturbances

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2
Q

Rhythmol

A

Sodium Channel Blocker
VT, PVCs

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3
Q

Propranolol (Propanolol, Inderol), Carvedilol

A

Non-Selective Beta Blocker
Angina, HTN
Bradycardic dysrhythmias, bronchospasm, cold extremities, hypoglycemia

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4
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor), Atenolol

A

Selective Beta Blocker
Same as nonselective, but fewer peripheral side effects

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5
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class 3 Antiarrhythmic
Ventricular arryhthmia
Prolong repolarization to slow and stabilize HR.

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6
Q

Sublingual Nitroglycerine, Nitrolingual spray

A

Nitrate
ACUTE chest pain/rescue
Ischemic headache, hypotension

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7
Q

Transderm Nitro, Nitrodisc, Nitrodur, Nitrol

A

First three are patches and the last is an ointment.
Nitrate
PREVENT CP/angina
Hypotension, drug tolerance may occur with continuous use

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8
Q

Streptokinase

A

Thrombolytic agent
Clot buster
Acute MI to re-establish coronary blood flow
Facilitate clot dissolution or dissolving of the clot

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9
Q

Recombinant tPA, Retovase

A

Thrombolytic agent
Acute MI

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10
Q

How many hours from onset of symptoms should a Thrombolytic Agent be given?

A

4-12 hours

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11
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant
Prevent and treat thromboembolism
Hemorrhage
Used SHORT-TERM

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12
Q

Coumadin

A

Anticoagulant
Prevent and treat thromboembolism
Hemorrhage
Used LONG-TERM

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13
Q

Normal Prothrombin time (PT) and what does it measure?

A

12-15 seconds
Measures extrinsic and pathway means of clotting

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14
Q

Normal Partial thromboplastin time and what does it measure?

A

30-70 seconds
Measures intrinsic and pathway means of clotting

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15
Q

Normal INR value and what does it measure?

A

2-3 ng/L for prophylactic treatment
Measures difference between PTT and PT

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16
Q

Lovenox, Xarelto, Eliquis

A

Anticoagulant
PREVENT and treat thromboembolism
Small chance of hemorrhage

17
Q

Which anticoagulants do you not need to worry about PT and INR, and why?

A

Levenox, Xarelto, Eliquis
They do not affect clotting times

18
Q

Aspirin, Plavix, Effient

A

Anticoagulant
PREVENT clot formation

19
Q

Cardizem, Procardia, Cardene, Verapimil

A

Calcium-Channel Blockers
HTN, myocardial ischemia, coronary artery spasm
Bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension

20
Q

Lasix

A

Diuretic
CHF (biggest use), HTN, and peripheral edema
Hypokalemia and fluid depletion that may cause ectopic arrhythmias, hypotension

21
Q

Digitalis, Digoxin

A

Cardiac Glycosides
CHF
Digitalis toxicity, arrhythmia, PVCs

22
Q

What are the two major effects of Cardiac Glycosides?

A

Positive inotropic effect: increases myocardial contraction force
Dromotropic effect: slows conduction at AV node to allow increased filling time

23
Q

Dobutamine, Dopamine

A

Sympathetic Stimulators
Dopamine: increases CO and BP; good for CHF with resultant hypotension.
Dobutamine: increases Ca+ in cell, increasing SA node firing, AV node conduction, and contractility.
Feelings of dyspnea

24
Q

What do we need to be aware of with patients taking Sympathetic Stimulators?

A

We want to wean these patients off ASAP because they can cause receptor desensitization.

25
Q

Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator (specifically arteriodilators)
HTN, CHF
REDUCE AFTERLOAD
Orthostatic hypotension

26
Q

Vasotec, Accupril, Lisinopril

A

ACE Inhibitors
Inhibit vasoconstriction, then will decrease sodium and water reabsorption
Minor effects; GI disturbances, skin rashes, and dry mouth

27
Q

Avapro, Cozar

A

ARBS
HTN, CHF
ARBS block binding at the receptors so vessel will dilate or at least not constrict

28
Q

What does a pt need to watch if they are taking ARBS?

A

Potassium intake because we don’t want them being hyperkalemic.

29
Q

Niacin

A

Reductase Inhibitor (aka Anti-Lipid Meds)
Lower LDL and triglycerides
Cutaneous vasodilation

30
Q

Pravastatin, Lipitor, Atorvastatin, Crestor

A

Reductase Inhibitors (aka Anti-Lipid Meds)
Decrease production of LDL
Mild GI disturbance, minor myalgia

Cardiopulm (4 decks)

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