Cardiac lectures revision

Question 1

What is Ringer Solution

Answer 1

Critical ion concentration in extracellular fluid for heart function

Question 2

What causes a cardiac output increase

Answer 2

The product of heart rate and stroke volume

Question 3

What are the Basic properties of ion channels?

Answer 3

Introduction to channels, pumps, and exchangers.

Question 4

what is Voltage-gated ion channel activation

Answer 4

Process influenced by membrane potential change and charge movement.

Question 5

What are the different ion channel states

Answer 5

Reprimed, activated, inactivated

Question 6

What is Cardiac muscle syncytium

Answer 6

Electrical and mechanical connections via gap junctions and desmosomes

Question 7

What is an action potential waveform

Answer 7

Determined by ion channel species and permeability changes

Question 8

What causes the Cardiomyocyte AP plateau phase

Answer 8

Determined by L-type Ca2+ channel for depolarization and repolarization.