Cardiac-heart Failure

Question 1

Atherosclerosis Risk Factors

Answer 1

Modifiable: diet, obesity, high LDL, cigarettes, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, hypertension, high alcohol consumption, stress

Non modifiable: age gender genetics familial factors

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Presence of atheroma (plaque) in the walls of blood vessels of large arteries

Question 3

What makes up atheroma

Answer 3

Lipids, cells, fibrin, thrombi

Question 4

Effects of atheroma

Answer 4

Stoke, renal damage, obstruction in brain leading to transport ischemic attack

Question 5

Peripheral Artery Disease

Answer 5

Obstruction in iliac arteries leading to pale, shiny, hairless skin, ulcers

Question 6

Ischemia

Answer 6

Oxygen demand is higher than oxygen supply

Caused by inadequate circulation or oxygenation leads to hypoxia

Question 7

Infarction

Answer 7

Caused by prolonged ischemia resulting in cell death (necrosis)

Question 8

Stable/exertion angina

Answer 8

Chest pain that occurs with stress

Question 9

MI cause

Answer 9

Anything that obstructs blood flow to the heart, until complete blockage sympathetic nervous system is activated

Question 10

Explain collateral circulation

Answer 10

Alternate blood supply to heart, effectiveness is dependent on availability before accident.

Formed by aerobic exercise

Question 11

Left Sided Heart Failure

Answer 11

Pulmonary Congestion

Staples, cough, tales, rapid pulse, excess fluid leading to pneumonia

Question 12

Right sided heart failure s/Sx

Answer 12

Dependent edema, Hepatomegaly, spleenomegaly acites, distended neck veins, pallor GI discomfort