CARDIAC FAILURE Flashcards
1
Q
definition of Cardiac Failure and risk factors.
heart changes in CF
A
chronic or acute state resulting from failure of the heart to meet oxygen demands of the body.
risk factors: uncontrolled hypertension, myocardial infarction, valve dysfunction, viral myocarditis.
heart changes, ventricular remodeling (left ventricle), cardiac dilatation, wall thinning, fibrosis, wall stiffness
2
Q
consequences of cardiac failure
A
reduced force of contraction, reduced CO, increase of TPR, increase venous pressure, edema, reduced tissue perfusion and exercise tolerance.
3
Q
GOAL OF CF THERAPY
A
- REVERSE signs and symptoms and improve QOL
- arrest ventricular remodelling
- increase survival
4
Q
DRUG THERAPY FOR HEART FAILURE
A
- diuretics (reduce edema)
- vasodilators (reduce peripheral vascular resistance)
- ACEinhibitors (reduce BP)
- POSITIVE INOTROPIC DRUGS
- BETA blockers (reduce HR)
5
Q
NAC OF CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES (POSITIVE IONOTROPIC DRUGS) like digitalis (digoxin)
A
- NATURE, Inhibitor of NA/K pump
- ACTION, increases NA intracellular and consequently calcium intracellular
- CONSEQUENCES, increased FOC and ejection, slower repolarization due to slower movements of ions on the cardiomyocyte membranes(anti-arrhythmic effect), reduction of resting membrane potential.
- USE, heart failure and superventricular arrhythmia, which improve symptoms and reduce hospitalization
- S/E narrow therapeutic index, higher dose have a pro-arrhythmic effect, blurred/yellow vision, conduction disturbances
- several drug interactions, reduced plasma potassium concentration increase effect, absorption is reduced if antiacids/statins/laxatives, increased plasma concentration if amiodarone/captopril/quinidine
