Cardiac Emergencies Flashcards
Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Gender Age Heredity Obesity Physical Inactivity Smokers* HBP High Cholesterol
Chest pains is
Angina Pectoris
- Chest Pain caused by lack of oxygen to myocardium
- Reversible Not Causing Actual Necrosis
Angina Pectoris
3 Syndromes of Angina
Stable: Precipitating factor is emotional stress, physical exertion. 1-15minutes. Good response nitro.
Variant: Coronary artery spasm, occurs at rest, no cause. 5-30 minutes. Good response to nitro.
Unstable: Emotional stress, physical exertion *Can occur at rest. Up to 30 minutes. Responds poorly to nitro
Signs & Symptoms Angina are similar to ___ ___
Heart attack
- Generalized chest discomfort- dull constant pressure
- Radiates to left shoulder, arm, neck, lower jaw, tongue
- Diaphoresis
- Pallor
- Nausea
S/S of ANGINA
Nitroglycerin Tablet/spray:
This drug works by
Contraindications
relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily to the heart
in patients who have taken erectile dysfunction medication within the last 24 hours… can cause unsafe drop in blood pressure
We use what kind of nitrogylcerine at pacific
spray
We dont give nitrogylerin to patients with vital of systolic under
90
Myocardial Infarction is a blank
heart attack
Myocardial infarction’s biggest factor is __
Time
Myocardial Infarction:
- ___ of a portion of the myocardium due to total or partial occlusion of a coronary artery causing lack of oxygen to the heart ___.
- This condition is _____!
Necrosis
Ischemia
Irreversible
S+S of AMI
- Chest pain is >20min
- Crushing sensation described as sharp, stabbing, knifelike pain-clutching chest (Levine Sign)
- **Pain may radiate down arms, shoulders, jaw, back, or upper abdomen
- Pallor, diapheresis, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, irregular pulse
the enzymatic breakdown of the fibrin in blood clots.
Fibrinolysis
When giving chewable aspirin how much should be given
What should be checked prior to giving aspirin
162-325mg dose - 20 min
Check for allergies or risk for life threatening hemmorrhage
The process of aspirin breaking down blood clot is called
Fibrinolysis
Nitroglycerin Contraindications!
- Patient taken ED drugs within the last 24 hours
- SBP<90
- BP readings more than 30 below baseline
- Extreme bradycardia (50BPM)
CARDIAC ARREST means heart ___ to beat!
Place what on patient?
Fails
AED- Automated External Defibrillator
Place AED on patient with 3 conditions
- With no pulse
- Unconcious
- Not breathing
It will preform initial assessment on the victim
Heart Failure :
Occurs when heart muscle is ___ and no longer __ sufficient blood to body tissues and organs
3 Definite cardinal symptoms of HF are!!
impaired
pumps
3 Definite cardinal symptoms of HF are:
- Dyspnea- difficult breathing
- Edema
- Fatigue
Identifying Heart Failure
MH review and overall appraisal of pt-Med consult
- Heart failure
- Swelling in feet or ankles
- Shortness of breath
- Weight gain-3 pounds over 7 days with edema red flag-postpone treatment
Clinical Manifestations/ Signs Symptoms of Hair Failure
Left Side:
- Coughing
- hard time breathing when laid back
- blue lips
Right Side:
- Fluid going to extremities
- Spleen and liver is enlarged
- Distended neck vens
- ankle edema
Acute Pulmonary Edema- ___ Sided Heart Failure
Left
- The most dramatic and life-threatening symptom of heart failure
- Accumulation of fluid in the alveolar spaces of the lung
- Inhibits lung expansion
- Decreased ability of lungs to oxygenate blood
Acute Pulmonary Edema- Left Heart Failure
What are the signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary edema
- Gasping for air
- Rapid pulse
- Cool moist skin
- Cyanotic lips and nail beds
- Dyspnea with cough that may produce frothy sputum
Tx of PULMONARY EDEMA
- IMMEDIATELY ACTIVE EMS
- POSITION PATIENT SEMI-SUPINE OR UPRIGHT
- ADMIN 2-6L OF O2
- ADMIN OF NITROGYLCERINE MAY BE INDICATED
CARDIAC PACEMAKER
- Treats cardiac ____ /irregular heartbeat (*slow heart rate or severe ____ )
- Pulse generator contains electronic circuit that powers device
- Small metal box implanted subcutaneously usually in clavicle region
- Lifespan 7-10 years
- Most CP are now shielded
arrhythmias
bradycardia
Signs and Symptoms of Pacemaker Malfunction
- Lightheadedness*
- Dizziness*
- Dyspnea*
- Moist, pale skin
- Weakness
- Bradycardia or tachycardia
- Chest pain
- Muscular twitching
- HIccups
- Syncope
Implant Cardiac
- Used to treat harmful tachyarrhythmias (200 BPM)
Signs and Symptoms of ICD Malfunction
- Inappropriate defibrillation- evidence in pulse rate
- (tachyarrhythmias)
- Twitching
- Biting
- Sudden movements
