Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryology Term 1 > Cardiac Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiac Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does looping of the heart tube occur?

A

Week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the heart tube begin to beat?

A

e21-22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What provides the precursors for portions of both myocardium and endocardium?

A

Lateral Splanchnic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

From where does the splanchnic mesoderm arrise?

A

-lateral plate mesoderm, forms along with somatic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structures do blood vessels arise from?

A

Blood islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is vasculogenesis?

A

the process of blood vessels arising from blood islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

-the process by which new blood vessels sprout from existing ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do cells from the first heart field form?

A
  • cardiac crescent

- develops into linear heart tube and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do cells from the second heart field form?

A
  • outflow tracts
  • right ventricle
  • inflow tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What brings the lateral endocardial tubes together in the developing embryo to form a single heart tube?

A

-Conformational changes due to rapid proliferation of neural tissue and closure of the foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What separates the early myocardium and endocardium?

A

an accelular matrix secreted by the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What embryonic structure becomes the aortic and pulmonary trunks?

A

The truncus Anteriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What embryonic structure becomes the right ventricle?

A

The outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What embryonic structure becomes the left ventricle?

A

The inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What genes are key in precardiac cell differentiation?

A

Homeobox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is one of the first manifestiations of embryonic L-R Asymmetry?

A

-rightward looping of the heart tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors?

A
  • bHLH

- are expressed to determine sidedness in the right and left ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which transcription factor is expressed by the right ventricular segments?

A

HAND2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which transcription factor is expressed by the left ventricular segments?

A

HAND1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes the ballooning of the cardiac ventricles?

A

-disproportionate growth on one side of the heart tube during looping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 steps in internal partitioning of the heart tube?

A
  1. Atrial septation
  2. Formation of endocaridal cushions and septation of AV canal
  3. Ventricular septation
  4. Septation of the truncus and conus arteriosus
22
Q

What first divides the atria?

A

Septum primum

23
Q

What covers the foramen secundum?

A

Septum secundum

24
Q

What forms the flap valve of the foramen ovale?

A

The overlapping of the septums primum and secundum

25
Q

When does atrial septation occur?

A

5 weeks gestation

26
Q

What does the foramen secundum become?

A

The interatrial foramen

27
Q

What does the smooth walled right atrium arise from?

A

the right sinus horn

28
Q

What does the smooth walled left atrium arise from?

A

incorporated common pulmonary vein

29
Q

What structure becomes the R and L atrial canals?

A

The common AV canal

30
Q

What growths form the common AV canal?

A

endocardial/mesenchymal cushion

31
Q

What does the first component of the ventricular septum arise from?

A

folding of the myocardium

32
Q

Where do the coronary arteries and cardiac veins arise from?

A

Pro-epicardium

33
Q

What differentiates/contributes to the SA node?

A

The sinuatrial ring

34
Q

What fuses to form the left and right atrioventricular canals?

A

The superior and inferior endocardial cushions

35
Q

What serves as an anchoring point for atrial and ventricular septa and AV valves?

A

The fused endocardial cushions

36
Q

How are the AV valves formed?

A
  • Myocardium covered by cushion is “undermined”
  • Myocardium retracts and is replaced by dense connective tissue
  • Myocardium remaining nearer the apex forms the papillary muscle
37
Q

What forms the aortico-pulmonary septum?

A

Fusion of the endocardial ridges

38
Q

What is the aortico-pulmonary septum?

A

-divids the conus and truncus into an aortic and pulmonary channel

39
Q

What special cells contribute to endocardial cushion formation is the truncus arteriosus and conus cordis?

A

-Neural crest cells

40
Q

What forms the link between cardiac and craniofacial abnormalities?

A

-The abnormal migration, proliferation, or differentiation of neural crest cells

41
Q

What shunts oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the liver?

A

Ductus venosus

42
Q

What results in pulmonary overcirculation?

A
  • Ventricular septal defect

- Oxygenated blood from left ventricle is being pumped through the septum into the pulmonary circulation

43
Q

What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

A
  • Tetralogy = 4 anomolies:
  • pulmonary stenosis
  • VS defect
  • Aortic override
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
44
Q

What results in pulmonary stenosis and Aortic override?

A

The malalignment of the conoventricular septum

45
Q

What results in the ventricular septal defect in the tetralogy of fallot?

A

-The malalignment of the conoventricular septum causes it to not align with the interventricular ridge

46
Q

What results in the right ventricular hypertrophy in tetralogy of fallot?

A

-The stenosis of the pulmonary trunk causes the right ventricle to work harder, and get bigger

47
Q

What is aortic override?

A
  • The aorta is positioned right over an ventricular septal defect, instead of in the left ventricle
  • happens in tetralogy of fallot
48
Q

What are the symptoms of tetralogy of fallot?

A
  • decreased pulmonary blood flow
  • Desaturation at rest
  • progressive cyanosis without repair
  • “Blue” spells
49
Q

What happens to the ductus arteriosus in patients with tetralogy of fallot?

A
  • It remains patent
  • blood flows from aorta, through ductus arteriosus, and into the pulmonary arteries
  • closes later on
50
Q

What is it called when the heart folds to the right instead of left?

A

Dextrocardia

Embryology Term 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions