Cardiac / ECG Flashcards
Characteristics of BER
Diffuse ST Elevation without reciprocal changes.
NO STE in V1, aVR (right sided)
If PR depression then need to think of pericarditis
1st degree block def’n
PR interval > 200 ms
Ectopic atrial rhythm
P waves should be upright in I and II and aVF. If inverted but appears otherwise sinus.
AV Junctional Rhythms
Narrow complex, absence of p-waves.
If 61-100 BPM - accelerated junctional rhythm
P waves may be hidden or occur shortly before or after. PR interval < 0.12
RBBB criteria
Wide QRS
rSR’ pattern in right precordial leads.
* can have a single wide R wave instead
S wave in lateral leads is slightly wide.
Can have STD in V1-V3. Any STE have to consider MI
If above but QRS < 0.12
its an incomplete RBBB
LBBB pattern ECG
QRS > 0.12
Wide slurred R in lateral leads
Deep S in V1-V3
Leftward axis
T waves and ST segments are discordant to QRS vector in ALL leads
LAFB Features
Leftward axis
Normal QRS duration
qR or R wave in I and aVL
rS in lead III
Differential Dx of Leftward Axis
LAFB
LBBB
inferior MI
LVH
Ventricular ectopy
Paced rhythm
WPW
RBBB + LPFB
“Bifascicular block”
Wide QRS
Right axis deviation
LPFB usually seen in conjunction with RBBB - rarely isolated.
DDx for Right Axis Deviation
LPFB
PE
Lateral MI
RVH
Chronic lung disease
Hyperkalemia
TCA overdose
Young / slender adults with horizontal heart lie
Differential Dx of ST elevation
BER
MI
Pericarditis
LBBB / Paced
Hyperkalemia
Coronary vasospasm
Aortic dissection
Brugada
LVH
Hypothermia (Osborn)
ECG changes in hyperkalemia
Peaked T’s
Prolonged PR
QRS Widening
ST elevation / Brugada mimic
AV blocks
Unstable bradycardia (BRASH)
Wide complex slow tachycardia
Sine-wave
VF or VT
ECG changes in hypokalemia
STD mimicking subendocardial ischemia
U waves
Pseudo long QT / long QU
Tall P-waves
T wave flattening
May have associated long QT from hypoMg
ECG changes in hyper/hypocalcemia
Short QT / Long QT from short/long ST
ECG changes in hypoMg
Long QT, torsades
