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Care of Adult/Older patients > Cardiac Dysrythmias > Flashcards

Cardiac Dysrythmias Flashcards

1
Q

P of PQRST complex

A

Atrial Depolarization

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2
Q

QRS of PQRST complex

A

Ventricular Depolarization

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3
Q

T of PQRST complex

A

Ventricular Repolarization

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4
Q

Normal HR range?

A

60 - 100 BPM

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5
Q

S/S Sinus Bradycardia

A
  • Decreased C/O
  • Pale, cool skin
  • hypotension
  • weakness
  • angina dizziness
  • syncope
  • confusion
  • SOB
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6
Q

Treatment of Sinus Bradycardia

A
  • Atropine
  • Pacemaker
  • Adjust or hold medications
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7
Q

Sinus Bradycardia Can occur with?

A
  • Carotid massage
  • Valsalva maneuver
  • Administration of medications (B-blockers, ACE)
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8
Q 
A patient’s cardiac rhythm is sinus bradycardia with a heart rate of 34 beats/minute. If the bradycardia is symptomatic, the nurse would expect the patient to exhibit?
  A) Palpitations. 
  B) Hypertension.
  C) Warm, flushed skin.
  D) Shortness of breath
A

Ans: D

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9
Q

Sinus Tachycardia can occur with:

A
  • Exercise
  • fever
  • pain
  • hypotension
  • hypovolemia
  • anemia
  • hypoxia
  • MI
  • HF
  • administration of meds (Atropine, Epinephrine, Sudafed, Theophylline)
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10
Q

S/S of Sinus Tachycardia

A
  • Decreased C/O
  • dizziness
  • dyspnea
  • hypotension
  • Can present as CP, or cause an MI
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11
Q

Treatment of Sinus Tachycardia

A
  • Treat cause
  • vagal maneuvers
  • beta blockers
  • calcium channel blockers
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12
Q
  • Saw toothed flutter waves
  • Atrial rate 200-350 bpm
  • Ventricular rate approx. 150 bpm but can vary with conduction ratio
A

Atrial Flutter

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13
Q

Atrial Flutter Atrial rate

A

200-350 bpm

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14
Q

Atrial Flutter Ventricular rate

A

approx. 150 bpm but can vary with conduction ratio

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15
Q

Tx of choice for Sinus Tachycardia?

A

B-Blockers

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16
Q

Treatment of Atrial Flutter?

A
  • B Blockers
  • antidysrhythmics,
  • Catheter ablation (treatment of choice)
  • Cardioversion if hemodynamically stable
  • Long term use of Coumadin if Aflutter continues
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17
Q

Tx of choice for Atrial Flutter?

A

Catheter ablation

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18
Q

Catheter ablation

A

Catheter is inserted into the right atrium between the inferior vena cava and tricuspid valve, electrical energy is used destroy the part of the heart causing the dysrythmia?

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19
Q

Cardioversion

A

external shock is applied (similar to CPR) to jolt pt back into a NSR

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20
Q

Atrial flutter tx is catheter ablation and cardionversion fail?

A

long term coumadin

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21
Q

Atrial Fibrillation Atrial rate

A

350-600 bpm

22
Q

Controlled Atrial Fibrillation ventricular rate

A

60-100 bpm

23
Q

Uncontrolled Atrial Fibrillation ventricular rate

24
Q

Most common dysrhythmia?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

25
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation?
- CC blockers - B-Blockers - Cardioversion (1st choice) - Catheter ablation or Maze procedure (2nd choice) - Long-term use of coumadin if Afib continues
26
Tx of choice for A-Fib?
Cardioversion
27
S/S of A-Fib
Decreased cardiac output
28
every other beat is a PVC?
Ventricular bigeminy
29
every third beat is a PVC?
Ventricular trigeminy
30
2 consecutive PVC's in a row?
Couplet
31
S/S of PVC
- Can be benign - Reduced cardiac output - CP - HF - pulse deficit
32
Complication of PVC
Ventricular Tachycardia
33
Tx of PVC
- Treat cause | - β Blockers
34
A run of 3 or more PVC?
Ventricular Tachycardia
35
Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular rate
150-250 bpm- regular or irregular
36
S/S of V-Tach
- Severe decreased C/O - Hypotension - pulmonary edema - decreased cerebral blood flow - cardio-pulmonary arrest
37
Complications of V-Tach
- Ventricular fibrillation | - Death
38
Treatment of V-Tach
- Treat cause - B Blockers - antidysrhythmics - defibrillation
39
- The ventricle is quivering, no contraction, no cardiac output - Heart rate is not measurable - no pulse
Ventricular Fibrillation
40
S/S of V-Fib
- Unresponsive - pulseless - apneic
41
Complications of V-Fib
Death
42
Treatment of V-Fib
- Immediate CPR and ACLS, defibrillation
43
A patient in the coronary care unit develops ventricular fibrillation. The first action the nurse should take is to A) Perform defibrillation. B) Initiate CPR C) Prepare for synchronized cardio-version. D) Administer IV antidysrhythmic drugs per protocol.
Ans: B
44
Represents total absence of ventricular electrical activity
Asystole
45
Treatment of Asystole?
- CPR, ACLS, & Intubation
46
Organized electrical activity seen on ECG, but NO pulse present?
Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)
47
Causes of PEA?
- Common after defibrillation - Hypoxia - hypovolemia - drug overdose - hyper/hypokalemia - metabolic acidosis
48
Treatment of PEA?
- CPR - epinephrine - intubate - Treat underlying cause
49
Majority of SCDs result from
- ventricular dysrhythmias - V-tach - V-fib
50
most common cause of SCD?
V-Fib

Care of Adult/Older patients (5 decks)

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