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Nursing 3 > Cardiac Disorders in Children > Flashcards

Cardiac Disorders in Children Flashcards

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1
Q

polycythemia (bone marrow produce more RBC) found in

A

decreased pulmonary blood flow / tetralogy of fallot b/c body senses reduced oxy blood so compensates by producing more RBC

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2
Q

TET spells/episodes

A

rapid drop in oxy in blood, choking, gasping for air, dyspnea

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3
Q

screen for congenital heart defects

A

pulse ox, preductal right hand, post ductal either foot

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4
Q

pulse ox for newborn s/b

A

> 95%

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5
Q

radial pulse bounding, femoral pulse weak or absent

A

coarctation of aorta, obstructive congenital heart defect

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6
Q

upper extremity hypertension, low BP lower extremities

A

coarctation of aorta

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7
Q

common screening for newborns

A 
APGAR appearance- skin color
pulse- heart rate
grimace- reflex response
activity- muscle tone
respiration- breathing rate and effort
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8
Q

murmur found with

A

vsd, ventricular septal defect, asd and patent ductus arteriosis

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9
Q

congenital heart defects causes

A

genetic, family hx, trisomy 13, down syndrome

mother- diabetes, rubella, toxins, alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome), over 40 yo

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10
Q

acquired heart defect causes

A

hypertension, kawasaki (inflammation of blood vessels throughout body), heart failure, infection, cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

4 types of cardiac disorders in children

A
  1. increased pulmonary blood flow- single structural problem
  2. decreased pulmonary blood flow - fallot, multiple structural problems
  3. obstructive- narrowing, stricture, coarctation of the aorta
  4. mixed
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12
Q

diagnostic test shows blood flow in heart

A

echocardiogram

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13
Q

diagnostic test shows size and location of heart

A

chest x-ray

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14
Q

congenital heart defect- too much blood flow to lungs

A

increased pulmonary blood flow, oxy blood reenters pulmonary circulation

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15
Q

increased pulmonary blood flow pulse ox saturation is?

A

lower, b/c less oxy blood to body

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16
Q

ssnri- selective serotonin norepi reuptake inhibitor, 2 types anti-depressants

A
  1. effexor- increase norepi, higher HR, BP, don’t give cardiac problems
  2. cymbalta- for pain, fibromyalgia, depression hurts
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17
Q

increased pulmonary blood flow s/s

A

tachycardia, tachypnea, right side ventricular hypertrophy (inc pressure and workload on right side)

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18
Q

increased pulmonary blood flow deoxy blood mix with oxy blood, True or False?

A

true

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19
Q

3 reasons increased pulmonary blood flow in child heart

A
  1. vsd- ventricular septal defect
  2. asd- atrial septal defect
  3. pda- patent ductus ateriorosis
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20
Q

pulmonary hypertension risk for which condition?

A

increased pulmonary blood flow

21
Q

right to left shunting of blood in heart

A

decreased pulmonary blood flow, pressure in right side higher than left so deoxy blood moves to left ventricle and out aorta into circulation, result deoxy blood in body

22
Q

keep ductus arteriosis open and give prostaglandins

A

tetralogy of fallot, decreased pulmonary blood flow

23
Q

infant tachypnea rate?

A

greater than 80 breath per minute, indication of blood backing up in heart

24
Q

blue color around lips and nose

A

central cyanosis

25
Q

infant tachycardia rate

A

over 160 bpm

26
Q

back up of blood and fluids into lungs, causes

A

left sided heart failure, left ventricle filled with blood (rales and crackles)

27
Q

backup of blood and fluids into liver and veins causes

A

right sided heart failure (edema)

28
Q

decreased perfusion of blood throughout body affect on heart

A

heart work harder, hypertrophy risk

29
Q

lower blood perfusion/heart failure s/s

A

fatigue, pallor, change in skin temperature, poor appetite, weight loss

30
Q

heart failure in infant leads to fluid retention - s/s

A

periorbital edema, enlarged liver/hepatomegaly, weight gain b/c fluid retain, cough/congestion fluid in lungs

31
Q

hypoxemia s/s

A

clubbing of fingers, polycythemia

32
Q

nursing intervention standard precautions: newborn vulnerable to infection b/c

A

upper respiratory infection b/c fluid in lungs, decreased blood flow, low energy, infections increase workload of heart

33
Q

drug given for heart failure or cardiac arrhythmia

A

digoxin to slow and increase heart contract/strength, controls rhythm of heartbeat

34
Q

given with digoxin

A

furosemide (loop diuretic), potassium (electrolyte to replace K+ loss from diuretic)

35
Q

potassium levels

A

3.5-5

36
Q

propranolol

A

beta-blocker, reduce oxy demands, lowers pulse, influence HR and BP, apical pulse for 1 minute, don’t give if HR too low

37
Q

ace inhibitor, enalapril

A

lowers afterload to dilate vessels, no effect HR, lowers BP, check BP b/c too low don’t give, give ARB if cough

38
Q

K+ sparing diuretic

A

spironolactone- allows potassium to remain in body

39
Q

tetralogy of fallot four multiple problems

A

occur at same time

40
Q

digoxin with food?

A

1 hour before or 2 hours after

41
Q

digoxin oral care

A

brush or rinse mouth if no teeth, do not give another dose if child vomits

42
Q

digoxin how often?

A

q12, po, ng tube, iv if held 2x call HCP, 2 nurses check dosage prior to administration

43
Q

digoxin missed dose

A

if missed and more than 4 hours elapsed skip dose

44
Q

digoxin toxicity s/s

A

anorexia or weight loss b/c child doesn’t eat, bradycardia (lower HR is goal), dysrhythmia

45
Q

systematic vasculitis aka

A

kawasaki disease

46
Q

kawasaki disease problem

A

inflamed inside of arteries, veins, capillaries can lead to scarring

47
Q

kawasaki s/s

A

fever 5+ days, conjunctival/eyes inflammation, oral mucosa red and dry

48
Q

kawasaki care

A

I/O and daily weight (all cardiac problems), oral care, cool blanket,/clothes

Nursing 3 (4 decks)

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