Cardiac Cycle & Sounds Flashcards
Where to listen for
AoSLV
PSLV
TV
MV
AoSLV - 2nd ICS R
PSLV - 2nd ICS L
TV - 4th ICS L
MV - 5th ICS MCL
Define regurgitation
Turbulent blood flow backwards in direction it shouldn’t go due to incompetence
Define stenosis
Turbulent blood flow when valves won’t open all the way
Define the definition of murmurs
I - soft in quiet sounds
II - soft in noisy sounds
III - prevalent
IV - Loud w/thrill
V - Loud w/edge of stethoscope tilted against the chest w/thrill
VI - Loud heard 5-10 mm away from chest w/thrill
Of the classifications of murmurs, which ones are intrinsic
I - III
Tricuspid and mitral stenosis occurs when
Atrial systole
When does Pul. And Ao. Stenosis occur
At ventricular systole
Which side of the heart is louder with inspiration
R - TV and PSLV
Which side of the heart is louder with expiration
Left - MV and AoSLV
With a normal murmur, what does increasing and decreasing the preload do
Increasing the preload means a louder murmur
Decreasing makes a softer murmur
Which part of the heart becomes more enlarged with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
The left septum
With HOCM, what does increased and decreased preload do
Increased improves the murmur by displacing the septum more to allow for a more open valve
Decreasing preload worsens the murmur which causes the valve to shut on itself.
With MVP, what does increasing preload do
Improves MVP by pushing the MV back into the ventricle
In a normal murmur, what does increasing and decreasing the afterload do
Increasing - louder murmur
Decreasing - quieter murmur
In HOCM and MVP, what does increasing and decreasing the afterload do
Increasing - softer murmur
Decreasing - louder murmur
What are the hallmark signs for an Ao. Stenosis
Crescendo - decrescendo sound
Seen in old pt.’s with syncope, anxiety, and dyspnea
Due to increased Ca deposits
Radiates up the carotid A
What are the characteristics of Mitral Valve Regurge.
From Rheumatic heart disease
Radiates to the axilla
Best heard @ apex
Who is tricuspid regurge most seen in
IVDA
Who does an Ao. Regurge present in
CT disorders
Marfans
Femoral bruits
Water-hammer pulse
Mitral valve stenosis is heard how and seen in who
Heard as an open snap in the middle
Seen in pt.’s with a history of rheumatic fever
Who is mitral valve prolapse seen in and what is heard
Seen in psych women
Hear a mid-systolic click
