Cardiac Cycle & Sounds Flashcards

1
Q

Where to listen for

AoSLV
PSLV
TV
MV

A

AoSLV - 2nd ICS R
PSLV - 2nd ICS L
TV - 4th ICS L
MV - 5th ICS MCL

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2
Q

Define regurgitation

A

Turbulent blood flow backwards in direction it shouldn’t go due to incompetence

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3
Q

Define stenosis

A

Turbulent blood flow when valves won’t open all the way

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4
Q

Define the definition of murmurs

A

I - soft in quiet sounds
II - soft in noisy sounds
III - prevalent
IV - Loud w/thrill
V - Loud w/edge of stethoscope tilted against the chest w/thrill
VI - Loud heard 5-10 mm away from chest w/thrill

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5
Q

Of the classifications of murmurs, which ones are intrinsic

A

I - III

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6
Q

Tricuspid and mitral stenosis occurs when

A

Atrial systole

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7
Q

When does Pul. And Ao. Stenosis occur

A

At ventricular systole

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8
Q

Which side of the heart is louder with inspiration

A

R - TV and PSLV

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9
Q

Which side of the heart is louder with expiration

A

Left - MV and AoSLV

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10
Q

With a normal murmur, what does increasing and decreasing the preload do

A

Increasing the preload means a louder murmur

Decreasing makes a softer murmur

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11
Q

Which part of the heart becomes more enlarged with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

A

The left septum

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12
Q

With HOCM, what does increased and decreased preload do

A

Increased improves the murmur by displacing the septum more to allow for a more open valve

Decreasing preload worsens the murmur which causes the valve to shut on itself.

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13
Q

With MVP, what does increasing preload do

A

Improves MVP by pushing the MV back into the ventricle

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14
Q

In a normal murmur, what does increasing and decreasing the afterload do

A

Increasing - louder murmur

Decreasing - quieter murmur

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15
Q

In HOCM and MVP, what does increasing and decreasing the afterload do

A

Increasing - softer murmur

Decreasing - louder murmur

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16
Q

What are the hallmark signs for an Ao. Stenosis

A

Crescendo - decrescendo sound
Seen in old pt.’s with syncope, anxiety, and dyspnea
Due to increased Ca deposits
Radiates up the carotid A

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Mitral Valve Regurge.

A

From Rheumatic heart disease
Radiates to the axilla
Best heard @ apex

18
Q

Who is tricuspid regurge most seen in

A

IVDA

19
Q

Who does an Ao. Regurge present in

A

CT disorders
Marfans
Femoral bruits
Water-hammer pulse

20
Q

Mitral valve stenosis is heard how and seen in who

A

Heard as an open snap in the middle

Seen in pt.’s with a history of rheumatic fever

21
Q

Who is mitral valve prolapse seen in and what is heard

A

Seen in psych women

Hear a mid-systolic click