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9. extra c&r > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cardiac cycle?

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2
Q

What is diastole?

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3
Q

What is systole?

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4
Q

How much of each heartbeat is systole?

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5
Q

How much of each heartbeat is diastole?

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6
Q

What are the 3 phases of systole?

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6
Q

What is the end-systolic volume?

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7
Q

What is the end-diastolic volume?

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8
Q

What are the 7 phases of the cardiac cycle?

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9
Q

What are the 4 phases of diastole?

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10
Q

How can you calculate stroke volume from end-diastolic and end-systolic volume?

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11
Q

What is an average end-diastolic volume?

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11
Q

What is an average end-systolic volume?

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12
Q

What is an average stroke volume?

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13
Q

What is the ejection fraction?

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14
Q

How does ejection fraction change with athleticism?

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15
Q

When can end-systolic volume be measured?

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16
Q

When can end-diastolic volume be measured?

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17
Q

What are the 4 valves in the heart?

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18
Q

Where is the aortic valve?

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19
Q

When does the aortic valve open?

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20
Q

Where is the mitral valve?

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21
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve?

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21
Q

When does the mitral valve open?

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22
Q

When does the tricuspid valve open?

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23
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve?

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24
Q

When does the pulmonary valve open?

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25
Q

What does the ECG P-wave indicate?

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26
Q

Draw the heartbeat ventricular volume graph

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27
Q

Draw the heartbeat pressure graph (3)

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28
Q

Draw the heartbeat ECG graph

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29
Q

What is the S1 heart sound?

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30
Q

What is the S2 heart sound?

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31
Q

What is the S3 heart sound?

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32
Q

What is the S4 hearts sound?

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33
Q

What happens during atrial systole?

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34
Q

What happens to the valves during atrial systole?

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35
Q

What happens to the atria during atrial systole?

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36
Q

When does S4 occur? (3)

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36
Q

What happens to the ventricles during atrial systole?

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37
Q

Which heart sounds are normal?

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38
Q

What does the ECG QRS-wave indicate?

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38
Q

What is isovolumetric contraction?

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39
Q

Which heartbeat sound is produced by isovolumetric contraction?

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39
Q

Which phase does ‘lub’ represent?

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40
Q

When does isovolumetric contraction occur?

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41
Q

What happens during isovolumetric contraction?

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41
Q

What happens to the valves during isovolumetric contraction?

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42
Q

What happens to the atria during isovolumetric contraction?

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43
Q

What happens to the ventricles during isovolumetric contraction?

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44
Q

When does rapid ejection occur?

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45
Q

What is rapid ejection?

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46
Q

Where is blood moving in rapid ejection?

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47
Q

What happens during rapid ejection?

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48
Q

What does rapid ejection mark?

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49
Q

What happens to the valves during rapid ejection?

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50
Q

What happens to the atria during rapid ejection?

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51
Q

What happens to the ventricles during rapid ejection?

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52
Q

When does reduced ejection occur?

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53
Q

What is reduced ejection?

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54
Q

What does reduced ejection indicate?

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55
Q

What happens during reduced ejection?

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56
Q

What does the ECG T-wave indicate?

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57
Q

Why is a T wave produced during the reduced ejection phase?

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58
Q

What happens to the atria during reduced ejection?

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59
Q

What happens to the valves during reduced ejection?

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60
Q

What is isovolumetric relaxation?

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60
Q

What happens to the ventricles during reduced ejection?

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61
Q

When does isovolumetric relaxation occur?

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62
Q

Which phase does ‘dub’ represent?

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63
Q

Which heartbeat sound is produced by isovolumetric relaxation?

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64
Q

What is the dichrotic notch?

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65
Q

What happens to the valves during isovolumetric relaxation?

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66
Q

What happens to the atria during isovolumetric relaxation?

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67
Q

What happens to the ventricles during isovolumetric relaxation?

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68
Q

What is rapid passive filling?

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69
Q

When does rapid passive filling occur?

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70
Q

When can S3 be heard? (2)

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71
Q

What happens to the valves during rapid passive filling?

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72
Q

What happens to the atria during rapid passive filling?

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73
Q

What happens to the ventricles during rapid passive filling?

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74
Q

What is reduced passive filling?

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75
Q

What happens to the atria during reduced passive filling?

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75
Q

When does reduced passive filling occur?

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76
Q

What is diastasis?

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77
Q

What happens to the valves during reduced passive filling?

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77
Q

What is the peak blood pressure of the aorta?

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78
Q

What happens to the ventricles during reduced passive filling?

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78
Q

Are blood pressures higher or lower in the right heart?

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79
Q

What is the peak blood pressure of the pulmonary artery?

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80
Q

What is the peak volume of the ventricles?

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81
Q

Which side of the heart pumps more blood?

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82
Q

Draw the pulmonary circuit pressure graph (2)

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83
Q

What is the blood pressure of the systemic circuit?

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84
Q

What is the blood pressure of the pulmonary circuit?

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85
Q

Which blood vessels have lowest pressure?

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85
Q

Which blood vessels have highest pressure?

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86
Q

What are the 4 sections of pressure changes within the heart?

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86
Q

Draw the pressure volume loop for a heartbeat

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87
Q

What are the 4 parts of the heart pressure volume loop?

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88
Q

How can you calculate stroke volume from the pressure volume loop?

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89
Q

Where should you start the pressure volume loop?

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90
Q

Where can preload be see on the pressure volume loop?

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91
Q

Where can afterload be see on the pressure volume loop?

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92
Q

How does the pressure volume loop fit with the active/passive force graph?

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93
Q

What is the ESPVR?

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94
Q

How does the pressure volume loop change with preload?

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95
Q

How does the pressure volume loop change with afterload?

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96
Q

How does increased preload affect stroke volume and why?

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97
Q

How does increased afterload affect stroke volume and why?

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98
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output?

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99
Q

Which 3 factors affect the stroke volume?

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100
Q

What is contractility?

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101
Q

When does contractility increase?

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102
Q

How does contractility effect the volume-pressure graph? (ESPVR)

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103
Q

How does cardiac contractility affects ESPVR?

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104
Q

Which 3 target proteins are phosphorylated by PKA in the nervous pathway of heart rate control?

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105
Q

How does the cardia pressure-volume loop change during exercise?

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106
Q

What are the 4 effects of exercise on the cardiac pressure-volume loop?

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107
Q

How does exercise affect arterial pressure?

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108
Q

How does exercise affect end-diastolic volume?

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109
Q

How does exercise affect afterload?

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110
Q

How does exercise affect ventricular contractility and why?

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111
Q

How does exercise affect end-systolic volume?

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112
Q

How does exercise affect cardiac contractility?

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113
Q

How does exercise affect stroke volume and why? (2)

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114
Q

What are the 2 healthy heart sounds?

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115
Q

What affects preload?

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116
Q

What affects the afterload?

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117
Q

Which corner of the cardiac pressure-volume loop is bordered by the ESPVR?

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118
Q

What are the 2 types of sympathetic stimulation of the SA node?

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9. extra c&r (9 decks)

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