Cardiac Clinical Medicine Part 5: PAD Flashcards
What are the risk factors for carotid artery stenosis?
1) Hypertension
2) Heart disease
3) Smoking
4) Older age
5) Male sex
6) Hypercholesterolemia,
7) Diabetes mellitus
What are the indications for carotid ultrasound?
Evaluation of patients with a cervical bruit
What are aortic aneurysm more often associated with?
What are aortic dissection more commonly associated with?
1) Atherosclerosis
2) HTN
What is the diagnostic study of choice for initial screening of PAD?
This is useful for screening in what population?
1) Abdominal ultrasonography
2) 65 to 75 year old men
What is the peripheral artery most commonly occluded by atherosclerosis?
Superficial femoral artery
What ankle-brachial index (ABI) level are diagnostic of PAD?
What levels suggest chronic limb threatening ischemia?
1) Less than 0.9
2) Less than 0.4
What is the strongest risk factor for PAD?
Age 50 to 69 years with history of smoking or diabetes
What steps should be taken for suspected PAD?
1) Check risk factors or symptoms of claudication
2) Screen with ABI
3) If ABI is negative but there is still suspicion perform exercise stress test with post-exercise ABI
What is the primary presenting symptom of chronic venous insufficiency?
Progressive pitting edema
Patients with post-thrombotic syndrome or signs of chronic venous insufficiency should undergo what type of imaging?
In order to determine?
1) Duplex ultrasonography
2) Whether superficial reflux is present and to evaluate the degree of deep reflux and obstruction
If an elderly female presents with typical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency what should be done first for treatment?
If this doesn’t work what should be done next?
1) Compression stockings, rest, and leg elevation
2) Duplex US
