Cardiac Catheterization

Question 1

The widespread use of cardiac catheterization is because the procedure is relatively?

Answer 1

Easy, Safe, and Accurate

Question 2

Cardiac Catheterization can be divided into two.

Answer 2

Coronary Arteriography and Angiocardiography

Question 3

Indications for Coronary angiography

Answer 3

Coronary atheroslerosis

angina pectoris

myocardial infarction

Pre-assessment of thrombolytic therapy

coronary angioplasty

noninvasive test result that are non diagnostic

Congenital coronary defect

Question 4

Approaches

Answer 4

Brachial approach

Femoral approach

Question 5

• the first technique described
  and developed by __________.
• It involves a surgical cutdown at the antecubital area of the arm.

Answer 5

Mason Sones

Brachial Approach (Sones Techniqes)

Question 6

• was developed by Melvin Judkins.
• It employs Seldinger technique in introducing the catheter.

Answer 6

Femoral Approach (Judkins Technique)

Question 7

Catheters for arteries

Answer 7

Left coronary artery - Judkins
Right Coronary Artery - Judkins

Left Ventricle - Pigtail Loop catheter
Right Ventricle - Pigtail Loop Catheter

Sones technique - Sones Catheter

Question 8

Other Auxiliary Equipment

Answer 8

Guidewire - 0.035 with flopping tip

Stopcock - 3-4 port stopcock
Pressure transducer
Saline flush solution
Contrast
Removal Bubbles

Arterial Sheets

Question 9

Contrast media

Answer 9

Non-ionic, LOCM
Safer
Reduces reactions
320 -370 mg of Iodine/ml
Quite Expensive

Question 10

Injection Rate

Answer 10

• Coronary Artery

Power injection

• Left Coronary : 8 ml at 4 ml/sec. maximal psi 150
• Right Coronary: 4 ml at 3 ml/sec. max. psi 150

Hand Injection

• Left Coronary: 7-10 ml at 2-4 ml/sec
• Right Coronary: 2-6 ml at 2-4 ml/sec
• Left Ventricle

Power Injection

• 30-60 ml in 1-3 sec
• Usual adult rate 45 ml at 15 ml/sec
• Right Ventricle

Power Injection

• 30-60 ml in 1-3 sec

Question 11

Positioning and Filming of the Left Coronary Artery