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Treatment and Investigation > Cardiac arrhythmias > Flashcards

Cardiac arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Narrow QRS

A

Supraventricular origin

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2
Q

Wide QRS

A

Ventricular origin

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3
Q

Supraventricular tachycardias

A

AF, Atrial flutter, ectopic atrial bradycardia

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4
Q

Bradycardia

A

Sinus bradycardia and sinus pauses

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5
Q

Ventricular arrhythmias

A

Ventricular ectopics/premature ventricular complexes, ventricular fibrillation, asystole

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6
Q

Symptoms of arrhythmias

A

Palpitations, dyspnoea, presyncope, syncope, shock, sudden cardiac death, angina, hf, anxiety

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7
Q

You suspect arrythmias

A
  • 12 lead ECG
  • Blood
  • CXR
  • Echo
  • Stress ECG
  • 24hr holter monitoring
  • Event recorder
  • EP study - lol you trigger it to test it how weird
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8
Q

Treating sinus bradycardia

A

Atropine if acute

Pacing

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9
Q

Treating sinus tachycardia

A

Treat underlying cause

Beta blockers

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10
Q

Treating atrial ectopic beats

A

Nothin lol but sometimes b blockers

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11
Q

Management of acute supraventricular tachycardia

A

Increase vagal tone w/ valsalva or carotid massage

ADENOSINE OR VERAPAMIL

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12
Q

Management of chronic supraventricular tachycardia

A

young, symptomatic patient - EP study and RCFA

Beta blockers and anti-arrhythmics

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13
Q

RCFA

A

Radiofrequency catheter ablation - selective cautery of cardiac tissue to prevent tachycardia

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14
Q

Causes of heart block

A

Ageing, MI, Myocarditis, Infiltrative disease, Drugs, Aortic valve disease, post-aortic valve surgery, genetic

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15
Q

Treatment of second degree MII block

A

Pacemaker

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16
Q

Treatment of 3rd degree heart block

A

Pacing

17
Q

Treatment of acute VT

A

DCCV if unstable

AADs and prepare for DCCV if stable

18
Q

Adenosine

A

Short lasting drug that blocks AV node and rapidly reverts to sinus rhythm

19
Q

Amiodarone

A

can be used to treat or prevent the recurrence of certain arrhythmias, including supraventricular arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillations), ventricular arrhythmias, (such as ventricular fibrillation), and ventricular tachycardia.

20
Q

Long term treatment for VT

A

Correct ischaemia
NOT aads
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators
VT catheter ablation

21
Q

Treatment of VF

A

Defibrillation

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

22
Q

Treatment of AF

A

Rate:
Slow down AVN with diltiazem, verapamil, digoxin or b blockers
Rhythm:
Drugs: Flecainide, sotalol and amiodarone
Electrical cardioversion

23
Q

Paroxysmal AF

A

Less than 48 hours and often recurrent

24
Q

Persistent AF

A

Episode more than 48hours which can be cardioverted

25
Q

Permanent AF

A

Inability of pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to restore NSR

26
Q

Signs of AF

A

Palpitations, Chest pain, pre-syncope, syncope, fatigue, sweatiness and dyspnoea

27
Q

Class 1 anti-arrhythmic

A

RHYTHM - Reduce sodium channel current:

Lignocaine, quinidine, flecainide and propafenone

28
Q

Class II anti-arrhythmic

A

RATE - B adrenergic antagonists:

Propanalol

29
Q

Class III antiarrhythmics

A

RHYTHM - Action potential prolongation:

Amiodarone, sotalol and dronedarone

30
Q

Class IV anti-arrhythmic

A

RATE - Calcium channel antagonists:

Verapamil

31
Q

CHA2DS2-VASc score

A 
CHD - 1
Hypertension - 1
Age > 75 - 2
Diabetes -1
Stroke - 2 
Vascular disease - 1 
Age 65-74 - 1
Sex - female - 1
32
Q

Treatment of atrial flutter

A

RFAB
Pharmacological
Cardioversion
Anti coagulants

Treatment and Investigation (9 decks)

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