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Pharm Stuff > Cardiac and vascular pharma > Flashcards

Cardiac and vascular pharma Flashcards

1
Q

Nifedipine

A
  • Ca2+ antagonist - selective blocker for L type Ca2+ in vascular smooth muscle
  • Direct vasodilator (hypertensive), treatment of CHF (indirect)
  • Adverse effects: hypotension, headache, flushing and tachycardia, dizziness
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2
Q

Enalaprin

A
  • ACE inhibitor, inhibit renin-angiotensin pathway -> vasodilation and reduced oedema
  • Treatment of CHF (indirecy), antihypertensive
  • Side effect: block breakdown of bradykinin -> cough
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3
Q

Diuretics

A
  • Treatment of CHF (indirect)

- Function: reduce acclamation of water, reduce oedema in lungs, loss of Na+ and water reduced preload

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4
Q

Angiotensin II and III

A
  • Treatment of CHF (indirect)

- Stimulate aldosterone secretion, retention of sodium and water

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5
Q

Dobutamine

A
  • Treatment of CHF (direct)
  • Beta-1 agonist
  • Effect: increases intracellular cAMP
  • Administration: intravenous
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6
Q

Cardiac glycosides e.g. digitoxin

A
  • Treatment of CHF (indirect)
  • Effect: inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase. Prevents fibrillation
  • Toxic action: ectopic beats and dysrhythmias (due to increased Ca2+)
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7
Q

CHF tratment

A
  • Increase force of contraction - indirect or direct
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8
Q

Carvedilol

A
  • beta1 and alpha1 antagonist

- treatment of heart failure, reducing sympathetic stimulation of heart

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9
Q

Bisoprolol

A
  • beta1 antagonist

- treatment of heart failure, reducing sympathetic stimulation of heart

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10
Q

Prazosin

A
  • alpha1 antagonist
  • antihypertensive (indirect vasodilator)
  • effect: blocks effect of sympathetic stimulation
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11
Q

Ganglion-blocking drugs

A
  • antihypertensive (indirect vasodilator)
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12
Q

alpha2 agonists

A
  • antihypertensives (decreased sympathetic outflow)

- NA negative feedback (activation of pre-junctional alpha2)

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13
Q

Clonidine

A
  • antihypertensive (indirect vasodilator)
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14
Q

alpha-methyl DOPA

A
  • prodrug of alpha-metyl NA (false transmitter)
  • antihypertensive (indirect vasodilator)
  • used mainly in pregnancy
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15
Q

Indirect vasodilators (antihypertensives)

A
  • alpha antagonists
  • ganglion-blocking drugs
  • alpha2 agonists
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16
Q

Direct vasodilators (antihypertensives)

A
  • K(ATP) channel openers
  • Ca2+ antagonists
  • beta antagonists
  • ACE inhibitor
  • Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists
17
Q

Minoxidil

A
  • anti-hypertensive (direct vasodilator)
  • blocks ability of ATP to bind to K(ATP) channel
  • only in severe hypertension
  • side effect: hypertrichosis
18
Q

Atenolol

A
  • anti-hypertensive (direct vasodilator), treatment of angina
  • beta antagonist (unknown mechanism)
  • side effects: bradycardia, cold peripheries, fatigue and bronchospasm
19
Q

Organic nitrates e.g. GTN

A
  • treatment of angina, non-specific vasodilation
  • administration: oral, transcutaneous and intravenous
  • duration: 10-20 min (rapidly metabolised by liver)
  • side effects: headache, hypotension with risk of fainting
20
Q

Angina treatment

A
  • organic nitrates

- beta antagonists

21
Q

Coronary artery disease treatment

A
  • aspirin
  • statins
  • heparins
  • glycotprotein IIa/IIb inhibitors
22
Q

Aspiring

A
  • coronary artery disease treatment
  • anti-platelet agent
  • administration: oral
  • adverse effects: GI haemorrhage and bronchospasm
23
Q

Simvastatin

A
  • statin
  • mechanism: inhibition of enzyme HMG-CoA reductase
  • coronary artery disease treatment, underlying athermatous disease
    administration: oral
24
Q

Heparin

A
  • coronary artery disease treatment
  • mechanism: activation of antithrombin III -> inhibition of coagulation
  • administration: intravenous or subcutaneous
  • adverse effects: haemorrhage and thrombocyopaenia
25
Q

Abciximab, tirofiban

A
  • coronary artery disease treatment
  • glycoprotein inhibitors, anti-platelet agents
  • administration: intravenous

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