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MoDA Drugs > Cardiac and renal phamacology > Flashcards

Cardiac and renal phamacology Flashcards

1
Q

Tetracaine

A

Anaesthetic blocking NaV

More anaesthetic at higher pH as more drug in unprotonated form

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2
Q

Lidocaine

A

Anaesthetic blocking NaV

Use dependent

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3
Q

Benzocaine

A

Anaesthetic not affect by pH as neutral

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4
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

Mainly acts on nerve NaV

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5
Q

L type channels

A

Node and heart tissue
Sensitive to dihydropyridines
Slowly inactivating
Needs large depolarisation

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6
Q

T type channels

A

Mainly found in node

Insensitive to dihydropyridines

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7
Q

Phenylalkylamines (Verapamil)

A

Blocks L type Ca channels from inside

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8
Q

Dihydropyridines (Amlodipine)

A

Blocks L type channels from inside

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9
Q

Benzothiapines

A

Block Ca channels from outside and alter dihydropyridine binding

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10
Q

Sulfonurea drugs (Glibenclamide)

A

Mimics ATP to close kATP channel, depolarise and cause insulin release

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11
Q

Long QT1 and 2

A

Kv mutations

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12
Q

Long QT3

A

Nav mutations

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13
Q

Isoprenaline

A

Beta agonst
Raises cAMP to act on HCN
Used for bradycardia

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14
Q

ACh on nodes

A

Acts via M2
Causes decreased cAMP so less HCN
betagamma coupled to GIRK1 to hyperpolarise

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15
Q

Adr on heart

A

Via beta1
Increases cAMP so stimulates HCN
+ PKA opens Ca2+ channels

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16
Q

Quinidine

A

Blocks NaV
Class 1a antidysrhythmic
Use dependent (higher affinity for activated channels)

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17
Q

Lidocaine

A

Blocks NaV
Class 1b antidysrhythmic
Use dependent

18
Q

Propenalol and Atenolol

A

Beta1 selective blockers (anti-dysrhythmic)

Class II

19
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class 3 antidysrhythmic
Prolongs AP
Blocks Ina or Ik depending

20
Q

Verapamil

A

Cardioselective Ca2+ channel blocker

Class IV antidysrhthmic

21
Q

Digoxin

A

Binds K+ site of Na/K+ ATPase to raise Na intracellularly by 1.5mmol/l
So less Na+ gradient for Ca2+ removal
For heart failure

22
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta 1 agonists for circulatory shock or during heart surgery

23
Q

Bisoprolol/Carvedillol

A

Beta blockers to stop damaging effect of chronic stimulation in heart failure

24
Q

Pimobendam

A

Ca2+ sensitiser

Can cause long QT syndrome

25
Q

Milrinone

A

PDE3 inhibitors for heart failure

Can cause dysrhythmias

26
Q

Methyxanthanes

A

Non specific PDE inhibitor and A1/2 antagonist

27
Q

Streptokinase

A

Binds plasminogen activator to activate

28
Q

Alteplase

A

Tissue plasminogen activator that acts preferentially in clots

29
Q

Clobidogrel

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation via inhibiting ADP binding

30
Q

Eptifibatide/Abciximab/Tirofiban

A

Inhibitor of IIb/IIIa complex to stop cross linking

31
Q

Heparin

A

Activates antithrombin III which inactive thrombin and X

32
Q

Warfarin

A

Inhibits vit K epoxide reductase so can’t make clotting factors

33
Q

Dabigatran

A

Inhibits thrombin

34
Q

Loop diuretic; Furosemide

A

Blocks Na+/K+/2Cl- on TAL
Rapid venodilation
Gout, hypokalaemia

35
Q

Thiazide diuretics; Hydrochlorothazide, Bendroflumethiaziole

A

Blocks Na+/Cl- on TAL/distal tubule

hypokalaemia, gout

36
Q

Amiloride

A

Blocks epithelial Na+ channels on apical side

K+ sparing diuretic

37
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist to increase expression of Na+ channels

38
Q

Acetazolamine

A 
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Blocks H+ provision for Na+ reabsoption
For glaucoma
Less effective
Alkaline urine
39
Q

Enalapril, Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor

For heart failure and hypertension

40
Q

Losartan

A

AT1 blocker

41
Q

Salarsan

A

AT1 partial agonist

MoDA Drugs (9 decks)

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