Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of yellow epicardial fat?

A

protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is your heart located?

A

inside the medium steinum, sits on the diaphragm
2/3 left and 1/3 right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the pericardium?

A

-bag for life
-visceral, fiborous
-protects the heart from movement, heat, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structure of endocardium

A

layer of simple squamous epithelial cells- cover the internal heart lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the myocardium?

A

-contractile element
-fibres overlap, pull together to contract when they are stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CO equation?

A

Co (L/min) = HR (bpm) x SV (ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the process that occurs during heart contraction

A

pulls in, down and twists
base descends to apex
LV and RV twists to squeeze blood out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s ventricular depolarisation?

A

-QRS
-Purkinje fibres depolarise constituting ventricular depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe ventricular repolarisation

A
  • T wave
    -smaller in amplitude and slower than depolarisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the left bundle of his bifurcate into?

A

-anterior
-superior
-posterior
-inferior
-fasicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the PR interval on an ECG represnt?

A

AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the heart depolarise?

A

inside out
endocardial to epicardial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s special about the dense fibrous ring?

A

inert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the bundle of his do?

A

-goes through the fibroskeleton thats electrically inert and comes down to the left and right bundles
bifurcates into left and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the P wave in the SA node?

A

atrial depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What the unit of pressure?

A

mm of Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of calmodulin?

A

a protein that regulates and activates downstream kinases involved in regulating calcium signalling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Draw the Action potential diagram

A

Refer to paper flashcard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does automaticity mean?

A

elements in the heart can spontaneously depolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe action potential phase 2 - plateau

A

-opening of slow ca2+ channels
-ca2+ moves in
-membrane permeability to k+ ions decreases
-for approx 250msec membrane potential stays close to 0mv as outflow of k+ balances inflow of ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe action potential phase 1

A

-incomplete beginning of repolarisation
-fast Na+ channels close
-a transient outward potassium current is activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of intercalated disks?

A

strength
interconnecting lattice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe action potential phase 0

A

-depolarisation
-cell driven to threshold by stimulus
-rapid influx of Na+ via sodium channels
-produce rapid depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A

-allow conduction ionic flow
-impulse in heart, gap junction provides a lower resistant pathway for ions to flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

list the unique features of the cardiac muscle

A

-striated
-intercalated disks
gap junctions
-bi-nucleated

19
Q

does the LV have a moderator band?

A

No

20
Q

What is the function of the moderator band?

A
  • septum to free wall of RA
    -stops Rv being overextended
    -Carries conduction fibres
21
Q

Name 4 types of shunts

A

-pathological
-physiological
-congenital
-aqquired

22
Q

What is the function of the Fossa Ovalis/ pulmona valis?

A

allows blood to go across right to left atrium

23
Q

What is the purpose of a shunt?

A

when we move blood form one side to the other side of the heart

24
Q

Where are pectinate muscles found?

A

anterior portion of the right atrium

25
Q

What does the coronary sinus do?

A

-found in the RA
-returns deoxygenated blood from the heart itself to the RA

26
Q

How many pulmonary veins do we have?

A

4

26
Q

Name the atrioventricular valves

A

-Tricuspid
-mitral

27
Q

Name the semilunar valves

A

-aortic
-pulmonary

27
Q

how long is the MPA (pulmonary trunk)?

A

4-5cm

27
Q

What does bifurcates mean?

A

splitting

28
Q

What do we call the aorta once it passes through the diaphragm?

A

abdominal aorta
(thoratic aorta before)

29
Q

How thick are atrium walls?

A

1mm

29
Q

How thick is he RV?

A

3mm

29
Q

What does the myocardium mean?

A

heart muscle

30
Q

Describe action potential phase 4

A

electrical diastole
heart rests

30
Q

How thick are left ventricle myocardial walls?

A

13mm

30
Q

Describe action potential phase 3

A

-late rapid repolarisation
-slow ca2+ channels close
-k+ channels open which increases the membrane permeability to k+ ions
-rapid diffusion of k+ due to concentration difference

31
Q

What is the function of the sinus valsalva?

A

-first portion of aortic valve
support for aortic valve provides space behind valve leaflets when they are open

32
Q

What function does the dog bone shape of the aorta serve?

A

cusps can’t close against the ostia

33
Q

Define orifice/ostea

A

opening

34
Q

what do we also call MV and TV?

A

parachute valves

35
Q

name the 3 cusps in the aortic valves

A

-right coronary cusp
-left coronary cusp
-non coronary cusp

36
Q

when leaflets in the mitral valve meet what are they called?

A

commisures

37
Q

Name the leaflets in the mitral valve

A

anterior
posterior

38
Q

Name the 3 leaflets in the TV

A

anterior
posterior
septal

39
Q

how many cusps does the PV have?

A

3
anterior
left
right

39
Q

Are MV and Tv cusps or leafletts?

A

leaflets

40
Q

Are AV and PV cusps or leaflets?

A

Cusps

41
Q

What does pericardial fluid do?

A

allows visceral and fibrous pericardium to slide over each other
-fluid dissipates heat

42
Q

Intra, extra and RMP of Chloride

A

Intra-20
extra-10
Rmp-0

43
Q

intra, extra and RMP of ca2+

A

intra-0.0001
extra-2.3
RMP-+120mv

44
Q

intra, extra and RMP of K+

A

intra- 140
extra-4.5
Rmp-90MV

45
Q

intra,extra,RMP of Na+

A

intra-10
extra-140
RMP- +67

46
Q

define Stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat

47
Q

units of intra, extra cells

A

mmol/litre

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions