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Cardio 1 > Cardiac Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Dextro and levocardia

A

Dextro - heart points to right

Can also be dextroposition, mesoposition or levoposition (most common)

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2
Q

Persistent L SVC

A

Drains the left brachiocephalic vein into a dilated coronary sinus

Not azygous/hemiazyous veins

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3
Q

IVC

A

Returns blood from below diaphragm

Eustachian valve directs blood toward the interatrial septum

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4
Q

Clinical significace of IVC vs SVC

A

IVC blood generally higher in oxygenation due to renal venous return (filtered but not extracted)

WHen calculating mixed vneous…need to account for IVC blood

Presence of persistent L SVC can agfect central venous catheter poisoning

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5
Q

RA

A

Furthest to the right and near the diaphragm

Accepts venous return from systemic circulation (SVC, IVC (eustachian) and coronary sinus (Thesbesian))

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6
Q

Crista terminalis

A

Thick ridge of muscle protruding into the RA

Separates smooth from trabeculated areas of atrium…can be mistaken as a mass

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7
Q

Chiari network

A

Located near eustachian valve

Normal

Van look like vegetation…mobile mass on echo

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8
Q

Clinical relevance - RA

A

Crista terminalis and chiari can be mixtaken as mass

Pacemaker lead into RA appendgage

Biventricular pacemaker or ICDs go into coronary sinus via right atrium

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9
Q

LA

A

Most posterior

Anterior to esophagus but caudal to left bronchus/pulmonary artery

Accepts pulm venous return

Variable size and may impact potential procedures

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10
Q

CLinical relevance of LA

A

TEE able ot be performed bc LA is next to esophagus (not lung)

LAA is common thrombus fomration location in pts with afib

Pulm veins are commonly origin of Afib

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11
Q

Interatrial spetum

A

Formed by septum primum and spetum secundum

Fossa ovale

Can contain fat and appears thickened (lipomatous hypertrophy)

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12
Q

Clinical relevance of interatrial septum

A

Patent foramen ovale (stroke and migraines)

Cather based therapy can reach left atrium via the interatrial septum

Next to aorta anterioroy so must avoid in interatrial septal puncture

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13
Q

RV

A

Most anteriro (behind sternum)

Rests on top of diaphragm

THin walled

Handles lower rpessure and ejects to pulm artery

Pyramidal in cross section

RVOT

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14
Q

INside the RV

A

Trabeculated

Associated with tricuspid valve
Septal marginal band
Moderator band

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15
Q

CLinical relevance of RV

A

Ventricular pacemaker lead placement

DIlation indicates left o right shunts

Pulm HTN

Arrythmogenic RV dysplasia

Chest trauma may be first to be injured in trauam

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16
Q

IV septum

A

Membranous and muscular septa

Gerbodes defect - where left ventricle and enter the right atrium (atrioventricular septum)

17
Q

LV

A

anterio and infrerior to LA

Posterolateral to RV

Higher pressure

Circular in cross section

Volumetrically cone shaped

Thick walled

Less trabeculation

Mitral valve

No septal papillary muscle or moderator band

18
Q

Relevance of LV

A

Systolic defect - contracile dysfunction
Diastolic - filling

Chamber can dilate and walls thicken

19
Q

Mitral valve

A

Two large leaflets (A and P)

Connect ot two papillary muscles via chordae tendinae

20
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

3 leaflets (septal, anterior, posterior)

Valve is slightly apically displaced compared to mitral

21
Q

Aortic valve

A

3 cusps (right coronary most anterior, left coronary and noncoronary cusp)

Aorto-mitral continuity

22
Q

Pulmonic valvle

A

Opens during systole and closes during distole

No tricuspid pulmonic continuity

23
Q

Aortic root

A

Sinus of valsava
SInotubuluar jxn

Ostia or coronary arteries (left and right)

24
Q

Pulm artery

A

Exits RV anterior anterior to aorta

Bifurcates into L and R pulm artery

Right runs under aortic arch

Left runs under descneding aorta

25
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Most commonly originate above the sinus of valsalva of the right and left coronary cusps

26
Q

Coronary ostia clinical sig

A

Need to know for coronary angiography

Determine whether root replacement requires re-implantation of coronaries

Avoid during TAVR

27
Q

Left and right coronary arteries

A

Left - LADA, left circumflex

Right coronary - conal , sinoatrial, RV marginal, posterior descending, posterolateral

28
Q

DOminance

A

Determined by main vessel giving off post descending artery

85% right (RCA to PDA)
8% left (LCx- PDA)
7% co (both supply PDA)

29
Q

Coronary sinus

Great cardiac veins

A

Courses inferior to left AV groove into RA via IA septum

From anterior lwall of left AV groove to coronary sinus

30
Q

Middle cardiac vein
POst/left marg vein
Thebesian veins

A

From post IV septum

Lateral LV wall

Directly from myocardium into ventricular chamber

31
Q

Nervous system

A

PS - vagal nerve dec HR

Symp - cervical ganglion, inc HR< inc contractility

Cardiac pain can correlate to anything

32
Q

Pericardium

A

2 layers - parietal (fibrous) and visceral

Cardio 1 (30 decks)

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