Cardiac

Question 1

S1

Answer 1

Mitral/tricuspid valves closure

Question 2

S2

Answer 2

Aortic/pulmonic valces closure

Question 3

Systole

Answer 3

Period between s1 and s2

Question 4

Diastole

Answer 4

Period between s2 and s1

Question 5

S3

Answer 5

“ken-tuck-y”

Increased fluid states

Question 6

S4

Answer 6

“Ten-ne-See”

Stiff ventricular wall

Question 7

Sounds of VSD

Answer 7

Thrill

Question 8

Atrial septal defect

Answer 8

ASD
Murmur grade II-III
Heard best @ LUSB
RVH

Question 9

Ventricular septal defect

Answer 9

VSD
Murmur grade II-V/VI
A holosystolic thrill may be felt a LLSB
LVH

Question 10

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 10

PDA
Murmur II-IV/VI holosystolic
Prostaglandins close it

Question 11

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 11

Four defects:
Large VSD
Pulmonary Stenosis
Overriding aorta
RVH

Question 12

Tet spell

Answer 12

Hyper cyanotic episode

Question 13

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 13

BP lower in LE

higher in UE

Question 14

Innocent murmurs

Answer 14

Systolic murmurs!
May vary w/ position
NO radiation to neck/back
No associated symptoms

Question 15

Still’s murmur

Answer 15

Musical systolic
Most common innocent murmur
Heard best @ LLSB and apex

Question 16

Venous hum

Answer 16

RUSB
Continuous humming murmur
Heard best in SITTING position
Disappears in SUPINE position

Question 17

Rheumatic Fever/Heart disease

Answer 17

Post-infectious inflammatory disease

Question 18

S/s of rheumatic fever

Answer 18

Two major manifestations + minor jones manifestations
Major: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules

Minor: Arthralgia w/ objective inflammation
Fever >102.2
Elevated ESR and CRP
*Prolonged PR internal on ECG w/ evidence of GABHS infection!

Question 19

Kawasaki Disease

Answer 19

Acute febrile syndrome causing vasculitis

Question 20

S/S of Kawasaki disease

Answer 20

Fever for >5 days
Bilateral conjunctival injection w/o exudate
Polymorphous rash
Strawberry tongue
Erythema/edema
Cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 21

Tx for Kawasaki

Answer 21

High dose ASA therapy
80-100mg/kg/day until afebrile for 48 hours
THEN lower ASA dose 3-5mg/kg/day for anti platelet response