Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Specificity of troponin

A

cTnI > cTnT (TnC not useful as a cardiac marker)

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2
Q

Diagnosis of MI

A

Biochemical evidence + 1 clinical evidence (symptoms / ECG change / Echocardiogram / intracoronary thrombus)

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3
Q

Classification of MI

A

Type 1: ACS
Type 2: causes other than ACS
Type 3: SCD before biomarkers measured
Type 4,5: Procedure related

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4
Q

Kinetics of hsTn

A

onset of elevation: 30~60 mins
Peak: 24~48h
Normalisation: 5~14d

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5
Q

DDx of elevation of troponin

A

Cardiac: Iatrogenic / trauma, myocarditis / pericarditis, CHF
Non-cardiac: PE, renal failure, spesis

(cTnT: myositis)

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6
Q

Marker to distinguish HF from other causes of dyspnea

A

BNP / NT-proBNP

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7
Q

DDx of elevated BNP

A

cardiac: HF, LVH, ACS, AF
non-cardiac: pulmonary PT, renal failure, cirrhosis, hyperaldosteronism, Cushing, sepsis

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8
Q

Cardiac application of hsCRP

A

marker of atherosclerotic process

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9
Q

Secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia

A

DM, hypothyroidism
nephrotic syndrome, cholestasis, alcohol…

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10
Q

Score for cardiovascular risk (what is it calculating for?)

A

Framingham risk score
(10-year risk of developing CHD)

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11
Q

What sample tube should be used for lipid profile?

A

Li heparin tube

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12
Q

RR for TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C

A

<5, <1.7, >1, <3

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13
Q

Formula for indirect LDL-C (name)

A

Friedewald formula:
LDL-C = TC - HDL-C - TG/2.2

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14
Q

MC primary hyperlipidaemia (What are the genes (3)?)

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (AD)

LDLR, apoB, PCSK9

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15
Q

Diagnostic criteria for familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

DLCN (Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria)

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16
Q

Gene for sitosterolaemia

A

ABCG5/8

17
Q

What is CHADS-VASc score?

A

To determine thromboembolic risk in AF patient

CHF, HT, Age (>75), DM, Stroke,
Vascular diseases, Age (65-74), Sex

18
Q

Which secondary cause(s) of hyperlipidaemia give rise to elevated TG only?

A

alcoholism, CKD

19
Q

Which secondary cause(s) of hyperlipidaemia give rise to elevated TC only?

A

hypothyroidism, cholestasis, nephrotic syndrome

20
Q

Which secondary cause(s) of hyperlipidaemia give rise to elevated TC and TG?

A

DM, nephrotic syndrome

21
Q

Why does nephrotic syndrome lead to hyperlipidaemia?

A

hypoproteinaemia –> ↑ synthesis of lipoprotein in liver to compensate

22
Q

Gene for autosomal recessive familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

LDLRAP1