Cardiac

Question 1

Inspect

Answer 1

• colours
• scars
• rashes
• medical patches
• any deformities
• bruising
• any signs of AAA
• visible pulsations - apex beat
• previous surgical scars - pacemaker?

Question 2

Palpate

Answer 2

-any tenderness or deformities
- apical beat - 5th intercostal space mid clavicular (misplacement - hypertrophy)
(Heaves- enlargement (forceful))
(Thrills- vibrations (turbulent))

Question 3

Auscultation

Answer 3

Aortic - R sided 2nd ICS
Pulmonary - L side sternum 2nd ICS
Mitral - 5th ICS MCL
Tricuspid - L edge sternum 4th ICS

Auscultate base of lungs And check for sacral oedema

Question 4

Auscultate Murmurs

Answer 4

• sit forward for aortic murmurs - regurgitation

- left for mitral murmurs - mitral regurgitation