Carcinoma in-situ Flashcards
what is a carcinoma in situ?
Carcinomas in situ are malignancies that are contained within the basement membrane tissue. They are seen as pre-malignant condition, typically found on imaging and are rarely symptomatic at presentation.
In breast disease, the two main types are Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) and Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)
what is a ductal carcinoma in situ?
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type of non-invasive breast malignancy and currently comprises around 20% of all breast cancers diagnosed.
its a malignancy of the ductal tissue of the breast thats contained within the basement membrane.
how are ductal carcinomas in situ investigated?
detected during screening, where it appears as microcalcifications* on mammography, either localised or wide spread. This will then be confirmed on biopsy.
how are distal carcinomas in situs managed?
treated with complete wide excision, ensuring the surrounding tissue of all margins have no residual disease.
Cases of widespread or multifocal DCIS normally requires complete mastectomy.
what is a lobular carcinoma in situ?
Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) is a malignancy of the secretory lobules of the breast that is contained within the basement membrane
rarer than DCIS however individuals with LCIS are at greater risk of developing an invasive breast malignancy.
usually for pre menopausal people
what investigations are done for a lobular carcinoma in situ?
asymptomatic, usually diagnosed as an incidental finding during biopsy of the breast.
how is a lobular carcinoma in situ treated?
Low grade LCIS is usually treated by monitoring rather than excision.
Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy can be potentially indicated if individuals possess the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.
however management depends on subtype and extend of disease
