Carbs: Starch and Glycogen

Question 1

what is the main polysaccharide store in plants

Answer 1

Starch

Question 2

Where is starch mostly found?

Answer 2

leaves and storage organs

Question 3

examples of storage organs

Answer 3

Roots/Stem/Leaves/Seeds/Fruit

Question 4

How and where is starch stored in cells

Answer 4

It is compacted into DENSE,INSOLUBLE organs and stored in amyloplasts (organelles)

Question 5

Why do storage organs have many amyloplasts

Answer 5

to ensure plant always has enough supply of energy

Question 6

What are 2 structures starch is made of ?

Answer 6

Amylose
Amylopectin

Question 7

Amylose structure?

Answer 7

long chain
of alpha glucose molecules
joined together
by 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 8

How does amylose change shape to become more compact?

Answer 8

Coils up and forms a helix shape making it more compact.

Question 9

How many accessible ends does amylose have

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What is the use of the accessible ends

Answer 10

They are where enzyme amylase can bind and break down amylose to alpha glucose that is used in aerobic respiration

Question 11

Why is amylose only broken down slowly?

Answer 11

it only has 2 accessible ends, that is a little.

Question 12

Is Structure of amylopectin similar to amylose? What is the difference?

Answer 12

Yes it is similar
It has more branches coming off

Question 13

Are both amylose and amylopectin stored together?
Where are they stored?

Answer 13

yes
both are stored togther in amyloplats

Question 14

Structure of Amylopectin

Answer 14

Long chain
of alpha glucose molecules
joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
with the presence of an occasional 1,6 glycosidic bond

Question 15

When counting carbon order
EG: 1,4
Where do we start from

Answer 15

from 3 o clock position

Question 16

What is a glycosidic bond

Answer 16

Covalent bond
Forms between hydroxyl group of a monosaccharide and an anomeric carbon atom of another monosaccharide resuliting in the formation of a Disaccharide or polysaccharide and a water molecule

Question 17

Does amylopectin have more accessible ends than amylose

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

Why does amylopectin have more accessible ends?

Answer 18

presence of occasional 1,6 glycosidic bonds where enzyme can bind and break down starch to glucose to be used for aerobic respiration

Question 19

What is the effect of having more accessible ends on amylopectin

Answer 19

More easily broken down and faster than enzymes when glucose is needed

Question 20

The main polysaccharide energy store in animals

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

Found in plants?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

Where is it mostly found?

Answer 22

Cells with high metabolic rate
eg: muscle and liver cells

Question 23

Why do animals have glycogen but not plants

Answer 23

animals have higher metabolic rate than plants
animals move around much more than plants
animals have muscles and nerves and larger organs unlike plants

Question 24

So why is it important to have glycogen

Answer 24

it is important to have a very branched molecule where it can be broken down fastly and easily by enzymes and act as a rapid source of energy used in respiration

Question 25

structure of glycogen

Answer 25

very similar structure to amylopectin but 1,6 glycosidic bonds much more frequently and very highly branched structure.