Carbs and protein Flashcards

1
Q

Sucrose

A

glucose and fructose

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2
Q

Lactose

A

Glucse and galactose

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3
Q

Salivary alpha amylase

A

secrete in the enzymatically active form
initiates starch digestion
inactivated by gastric acid

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4
Q

Pancreatic alpha amylase

A

completes starch digestion
stimulated by CCK
cannot digest terminal branch points

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5
Q

Membrane digestion

A

Step 2 after amylases
brush border oligosaccharideases

proximal jejunum

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6
Q

Lactase

A

membrane bound oligosaccharideases

digest lactose into glucose and galactose

decreased expression after infancy

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7
Q

Sucrase-isomaltase

A

membrane bound oligosaccharideases

cleaves sucrase and splits branch point

**essential for breaking down polysccharides with branch points

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8
Q

Na/Glucose transporter (SGLT1)

A

responsible for glucose and galactose uptake

secondary active transport (driven my Na/K ATPase

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9
Q

GLUT5

A

responsible for fructose uptake in jejunum

facilitated diffusion

DEPENDENT OF CONCENTRATION OF FRUCTOSE

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10
Q

GLUT2

A

transport of all three monos into the interstitium

at BL membrane

facilitated diffusion= concentration dependent

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11
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

most common in non-whites

due to epigeneitic down-regulation of lactase

cramps, diarrhea, flatus

Gut bacteria then break it down—>short chain FAs—>osmotic diarrhea

H+ is also absorbed–>H breath test

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12
Q

Glucose-Galactose absorption

A

defect in SGLT= no glucose or galactose uptake

—>osmotic diarrhea with decreased Na reabs via SGLT

tx= glu gal and lactose free diet =fructose based diet

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13
Q

Gastric protease

A

secreted as a proenzyme

pepsinogen—>pepsin =endopeptidase

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14
Q

Pancreatic protease

A

secreted as proenzymes

trypsinogen—>trypsin

trypsin then continues to autoacitvate and activate other enzymes

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15
Q

chymotrypsinogen

A

activated by trypsin

chymotrypsin

endo

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16
Q

proelastase

A

activated by trypsin to elastase

endo

17
Q

procarboxypeptidase A and B

A

activated by trypsin
to carboxypeptidase A and B

exo

18
Q

whole protein absorption: children

A

occurs in the neonate

passes Igs from mother to child
closure associated with corticosteriod use

19
Q

whole protein absorption in adults

A
only small amounts occur 
1) endycytoses into lysosomes by enterocytes 
2) M cells 
package proteins as antigens 
important for mucosal immunity
20
Q

Oligopeptide absorption

A

most absorbed as single AA, with small amts as di-, tri- or tetrapeptides

21
Q

PepT1 H+ oligopeptide cotransporter

A

kinetic advantage over AA transporters in that substrate enters faster

actively driven by H+ Na+ gradient Created by Na/K ATPase and Na/H antiporter

22
Q

Hartnup disease

A

AR disorder

defect in apical transport of neutral AA

sx= pellagra, ataxia, psych abnormalities

tx= high protein diet allows oligos to pass thru PEPt1

23
Q

Cystinuria

A

AR disorder

defect in apical transport of basic AA and cyseine

sx= kidney stones

24
Q

apical membrane single AA abs

A

either Na/K ATPase dependent=neutral AA

or independent= basic AA and cysteine

25
Q

BL membrane transport of single AA

A

bidirectional

Exit= Na independent 
Entrance= Na dependent, for enterocyte  nutrition and growth